Attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to carrot cells and Arabidopsis wound sites is correlated with the presence of a cell-associated, acidic polysaccharide

Reuhs, Bradley L.; Kim, John S.; Matthysse, Ann G.

doi:10.1128/jb.179.17.5372-5379.1997

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recently, the surface interactions between bacteria and plant are being studied prior to the development of disease symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which causes tumorigenic diseases in many plant species, requires a Ca 2ϩ -dependent adhesin (35), a repertoire of proteins encoded by att genes (22,23), exo-and capsular polysaccharides (30), and cellulose fibrils (21,22) to attach to roots. Other rhizosphere inhabitants also utilize cellulose (5) and fimbriae (18,39,40).…”

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confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue

Barak

Gorski

Naraghi-Arani

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

234

196

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Numerous Salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. In order to understand the physiology of S. enterica serovar Newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. Twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. Sixty-five percentage of these mutants had insertions in uncharacterized genes. Among the characterized genes were strains with insertions in the intergenic region between agfB, the surface-exposed aggregative fimbria (curli) nucleator, and agfD, a transcriptional regulator of the LuxR superfamily, and rpoS, the stationary-phase sigma factor. Both AgfD and RpoS have been reported to regulate curli and cellulose production and RpoS regulates other adhesins such as pili. The intergenic and rpoS mutants were reduced in initial attachment to alfalfa sprouts by 1 log unit compared to the wild type. Mutations of agfA, curli subunit, and agfB in S. enterica serovar Enteritidis differentially affected attachment to plant tissue. The agfA mutation was not reduced in ability to attach to or colonize alfalfa sprouts, whereas the agfB mutation was reduced. Thus, agfB alone can play a role in attachment of S. enterica to plant tissue. These results reveal that S. enterica genes important for virulence in animal systems are also required for colonization of plants, a secondary host that can serve as a vector of S. enterica from animal to animal.Numerous Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) outbreaks have been associated with contaminated sprouts and the incidence of reported contamination has remained steady (9). Previously, we showed procedures used in production of sprouted seeds encourage proliferation of human pathogens (11). Furthermore, S. enterica preferentially attached to the alfalfa sprout roots where the S. enterica cells formed large aggregates. These studies revealed that replacement of irrigation water reduced the number of EHEC cells on sprouts compared to S. enterica. Subsequent experiments showed that S. enterica was not removed from alfalfa sprouts with rinsing, whereas EHEC was easily removed, therefore suggesting differential attachment capacities between the bacteria (8).Bacterial attachment to plants has predominantly been studied for its role in virulence of plant pathogens. Recently, the surface interactions between bacteria and plant are being studied prior to the development of disease symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which causes tumorigenic diseases in many plant species, requires a Ca 2ϩ -dependent adhesin (35), a repertoire of proteins encoded by att genes (22, 23), exo-and capsular polysaccharides (30), and cellulose fibrils (21, 22) to attach to roots. Other rhizosphere inhabitants also utilize cellulose (5) and fimbriae (18,39,40). However, only one study has begun to address the funda...

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confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue

Barak

Gorski

Naraghi-Arani

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

234

196

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“…This group appears to be altered in signal exchange between the bacterium and the host. Mutations in this group of mutants occur in the genes homologous to ABC transporters and transcriptional regulator as well as some closely linked downstream genes (Matthysse et al, 2000;Matthysse & McMahan, 1998;Reuhs et al, 1997). The second group of mutants in the att gene region is not affected by the presence of conditioned medium.…”

Section: Bacterial Genes Involved In the Attachment Of A Tumefaciensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of A. tumefaciens mutants reported to affect the attachment of bacteria to plant cells have been isolated. Some related genes are identified and sequenced (Matthysse et al, 2000;Reuhs et al, 1997). However, it is surprising that a large number of genes are involved in the bacterial attachment to host cells and the actual functions of most genes are unclear (Matthysse et al, 2000).…”

Section: Bacterial Genes Involved In the Attachment Of A Tumefaciensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group includes mutants in the genes homologous to transcriptional regulator and ATPase as well as a number of biosynthetic genes, which include the transacetylase required for the formation of an acetylated capsular polysaccharide. The acetylated capsular polysaccharide is required for the bacterial attachment to some plants because the production of the acetylated capsular polysaccharide is correlated to the attachment of wild-type strain C58 to the host cells and the purified acetylated capsular polysaccharide from wild-type strains blocks the binding of the bacteria to some host cells (Matthysse et al, 2000;Matthysse & McMahan, 1998, 2001Reuhs et al, 1997). The second step in the bacterial attachment to the host results in tight binding of the bacteria to the plant cell surface because the bound bacteria can no longer be removed from the plant cell surface by shear forces.…”

Section: Bacterial Genes Involved In the Attachment Of A Tumefaciensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation: History and Progress

Guo¹,

Bian²,

Xiao³

et al. 2011

Genetic Transformation

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“…One of these genes (attR) encodes a putative transacetylase. AttR mutants lack an acetylated capsular polysaccharide found in the wild-type parent strain (14). Preparations of this polysaccharide were able to block the binding of wild-type bacteria to carrot suspension culture cells (14).…”

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The Effect of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens attR Mutation on Attachment and Root Colonization Differs between Legumes and Other Dicots

Matthysse

McMahan

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Infections of wound sites on dicot plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens result in the formation of crown gall tumors. An early step in tumor formation is bacterial attachment to the plant cells. AttR mutants failed to attach to wound sites of both legumes and nonlegumes and were avirulent on both groups of plants. AttR mutants also failed to attach to the root epidermis and root hairs of nonlegumes and had a markedly reduced ability to colonize the roots of these plants. However, AttR mutants were able to attach to the root epidermis and root hairs of alfalfa, garden bean, and pea. The mutant showed little reduction in its ability to colonize these roots. Thus, A. tumefaciens appears to possess two systems for binding to plant cells. One system is AttR dependent and is required for virulence on all of the plants tested and for colonization of the roots of all of the plants tested except legumes. Attachment to root hairs through this system can be blocked by the acetylated capsular polysaccharide. The second system is AttR independent, is not inhibited by the acetylated capsular polysaccharide, and allows the bacteria to bind to the roots of legumes.Infections of wound sites on dicotyledonous plants by the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens result in the formation of crown gall tumors. The ability of the bacteria to attach to plant cells is required for virulence. All known nonattaching bacterial mutants are avirulent (1,2,7,15). In previous research we have identified a region of the bacterial chromosome (att) containing a number of genes required for attachment to host cells and for virulence (10,11). One of these genes (attR) encodes a putative transacetylase. AttR mutants lack an acetylated capsular polysaccharide found in the wild-type parent strain (14). Preparations of this polysaccharide were able to block the binding of wild-type bacteria to carrot suspension culture cells (14). This polysaccharide is believed to play a role in the virulence-associated binding of the bacteria to host cells.Agrobacteria are capable of living in the rhizosphere as well as in plant wounds. We have previously examined the colonization by A. tumefaciens of the roots of two plants (tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana) which are susceptible to the induction of crown gall tumors (9). When nonattaching mutants of A. tumefaciens (including AttR mutants) were compared to wildtype bacteria, the mutants were found to have more than 10,000-fold-reduced ability to colonize the roots of tomato, suggesting that att genes are involved in the colonization of intact roots as well as in bacterial attachment at wound sites and in virulence.Previous studies of nonattaching mutants of agrobacteria carried out in our laboratory and by others have used a variety of cells and organs from plants, including tobacco, tomato, carrot, zinnia, A. thaliana, and Bryophyllum daigremontiana (1, 2, 6-8, 12, 14). When we extended the study of the interaction of attachment of wild-type A. tumefaciens and att mutants to include legumes, we discovered that the...

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Attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to carrot cells and Arabidopsis wound sites is correlated with the presence of a cell-associated, acidic polysaccharide

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue

Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue

Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation: History and Progress

The Effect of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens attR Mutation on Attachment and Root Colonization Differs between Legumes and Other Dicots

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