Attack of the Clones: Microglia in Health and Disease

Manjally, Amritha V; Tay, Tuan Leng

doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.831747

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Microglia predominantly develop from KIT + precursors generated in the embryonic yolk sac that migrate into the CNS (19,36,45,57,64). They are subsequently maintained, primarily through clonal expansion, within the CNS (42,67). Macrophages-particularly tissue-resident macrophages such as those in the gut, alveolar macrophages in the lung, and Kupffer cells in the kidney-can also be derived from the embryonic yolk sac and fetal liver; to varying degrees, tissue-resident macrophages can also be replenished from circulating monocytes (45,76).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease

Vecchiarelli

Tremblay

2023

Annu. Rev. Genet.

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Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are primarily derived from the embryonic yolk sac and make their way to the CNS during early development. They play key physiological and immunological roles across the life span, throughout health, injury, and disease. Recent transcriptomic studies have identified gene transcript signatures expressed by microglia that may provide the foundation for unprecedented insights into their functions. Microglial gene expression signatures can help distinguish them from macrophage cell types to a reasonable degree of certainty, depending on the context. Microglial expression patterns further suggest a heterogeneous population comprised of many states that vary according to the spatiotemporal context. Microglial diversity is most pronounced during development, when extensive CNS remodeling takes place, and following disease or injury. A next step of importance for the field will be to identify the functional roles performed by these various microglial states, with the perspective of targeting them therapeutically. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 57 is November 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease

Vecchiarelli

Tremblay

2023

Annu. Rev. Genet.

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“…In humans, the presence of inflammatory microglia is associated with both aging and neurodegenerative conditions 11 , 12 and in mammals and Drosophila , increased innate immune signaling has been shown to induce or worsen neurodegeneration. 1 , 7 , 8 , 13 Drosophila do not have microglia, but phagocytosis of neuronal processes and dead cells is carried out by other types of glia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective phagocytosis leads to neurodegeneration through systemic increased innate immune signaling

Elguero,

Liu,

Tiemeyer

et al. 2023

iScience

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“…Adult microglia differ from their peripheral counterparts by a particular origin from embryonic yolk sac progenitors, a ramified morphology with highly motile processes monitoring any change in their environment, and an actively repressed surveying phenotype (CD45 low ) [6][7][8]. Consistent with their diverse roles, microglial activation, while necessary for central nervous system (CNS) protection, have also been linked to the initiation or progression of several developmental and neurodegenerative diseases [9]. Besides their role in neuroinflammation, bacterial metabolites directly or indirectly impact neuronal function, connectivity, and survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Stage Glioma Is Associated with Deleterious Alteration of Gut Bacterial Metabolites in Mice

et al. 2022

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Brain-gut axis refers to the bidirectional functional connection between the brain and the gut, which sustains vital functions for vertebrates. This connection also underlies the gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities associated with brain disorders. Using a mouse model of glioma, based on the orthotopic injection of GL261 cell line in syngeneic C57BL6 mice, we show that late-stage glioma is associated with GI functional alteration and with a shift in the level of some bacterial metabolites in the cecum. By performing cecal content transfer experiments, we further show that cancer-associated alteration in cecal metabolites is involved in end-stage disease progression. Antibiotic treatment results in a slight but significant delay in mice death and a shift in the proportion of myeloid cells in the brain tumor environment. This work rationally considers microbiota modulating strategies in the clinical management of patients with late-stage glioma.

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Attack of the Clones: Microglia in Health and Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 116 publications

Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease

Microglial Transcriptional Signatures in the Central Nervous System: Toward A Future of Unraveling Their Function in Health and Disease

Defective phagocytosis leads to neurodegeneration through systemic increased innate immune signaling

Late-Stage Glioma Is Associated with Deleterious Alteration of Gut Bacterial Metabolites in Mice

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