Attack Resilient True Random Number Generators Using Ferroelectric‐Enhanced Stochasticity in 2D Transistor

Abstract

By harnessing the physically unclonable properties, true random number generators (TRNGs) offer significant promises to alleviate security concerns by generating random bitstreams that are cryptographically secured. However, fundamental challenges remain as conventional hardware often requires complex circuitry design, showing a predictable pattern that is susceptible to machine learning attacks. Here, a low‐power self‐corrected TRNG is presented by exploiting the stochastic ferroelectric switching and charge trapping in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (Fe‐FET) based on hafnium oxide complex. The proposed TRNG exhibits enhanced stochastic variability with near‐ideal entropy of ≈1.0, Hamming distance of ≈50%, independent autocorrelation function, and reliable endurance cycle against temperature variations. Furthermore, its unpredictable feature is systematically examined by machine learning attacks, namely the predictive regression model and the long‐short‐term‐memory (LSTM) approach, where nondeterministic predictions can be concluded. Moreover, the generated cryptographic keys from the circuitry successfully pass the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800–20 statistical test suite. The potential of integrating ferroelectric and 2D materials is highlighted for advanced data encryption, offering a novel alternative to generate truly random numbers.

Recent Advances in In-Memory Computing: Exploring Memristor and Memtransistor Arrays with 2D Materials

“…Furthermore, Chien et al . demonstrated the utilization of cycle-to-cycle variation in MoS 2 memtransistors for computing security applications [ 115 ]. This suggests that while device variation presents challenges, it can also be leveraged to enable novel functionalities and applications.…”

“…For instance, Sebastian et al [102] and Zheng et al [110] utilized the device-to-device variation in MoS 2 -based memtransistors to develop a random number generator and construct a Bayesian network for applications where uncertainty plays a crucial role. Furthermore, Chien et al demonstrated the utilization of cycle-to-cycle variation in MoS 2 memtransistors for computing security applications [115]. This suggests that while device variation presents challenges, it can also be leveraged to enable novel functionalities and applications.…”

“…This one-dimensional array achieved the integration of sensors and processors within a single device. Furthermore, Chien et al demonstrated a 1D synaptic array employing MoS 2 as a true random number generator for data encryption [115]. Notably, this 1 × 8 array consisted of 1 WL and 8 BLs, enabling the generation of multi-bit random values sequentially by engaging each BL electrode.…”