Attempted Suicide and Criminal Justice System in a Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients in Malaysia

Abstract

Criminalization of suicide attempts is an archaic barrier to suicide prevention. Globally, clinical profiles of prosecuted suicide attempters are an under-researched area. This retrospective study aims to describe the clinical profiles of individuals who were charged for attempted suicide and subsequently sent for criminal responsibility and fitness to plead evaluation in a forensic psychiatric unit in Malaysia from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2019. We identified 22 cases who were mostly adult males (90.9%). Seventy-three percent have a psychiatric disorder. Mood disorders were more prevalent (32%) followed by psychotic disorders and substance use disorders. For most of these individuals, this was the first contact with any form of mental health services and 41% defaulted their treatment before arrest. This sample illustrates a vulnerable group who has been disengaged with mental healthcare. Future research is warranted to further investigate mechanisms that are effective in addressing unmet needs of persons in suicidal crisis as opposed to utilizing the criminal justice pathway.