Attempted suicide and suicide of young Turkish women in Europe and Turkey: A systematic literature review of characteristics and precipitating factors

Abstract

Background The increased risk of suicidal behaviour among Turkish women living in Europe and Turkey is a serious public health problem. This study compares and synthesises the empirical evidence of demographic, social, psychological and interpersonal characteristics and precipitating factors in the suicides and attempted suicides of Turkish women in Europe and Turkey. Methods We systematically searched eight databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Med Line, Web of Science, Smart Cat, Safety Lit, BASE and Ulakbim), using search terms in English, Turkish, German and Dutch, as well as the reference lists of the retrieved papers. We extracted data on countries/regions, population characteristics, sample characteristics, recruitment, method of data collection, type of suicidal behaviour (suicide or attempted suicide) and precipitating factors and characteristics. The results were qualitatively synthesised. Results We retrieved nine studies on attempted suicide in Europe (from Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands), 17 studies on attempted suicide in Turkey and 10 studies on suicide in Turkey (36 in total). Overall, we found similar precipitating factors and characteristics of attempted suicide and suicide in Turkey and Europe, including socio-demographic factors (young age and not being enrolled in the labour market), poverty and, to some extent, mental illness. Moreover, conflicts with family or spouses and violence against women, including so-called honour violence, were particularly common for women living in or originating from traditional areas in Turkey. Conclusion The framework of intersectionality is relevant to understanding our results, because structural inequalities in gender roles, gender role expectations as well as power imbalances among socio-economic classes collectively impact the suicidal behaviour of Turkish women. Moreover, the importance of violence against women points to the cultural continuity of the patriarchal and oppressive structures of Europe and Turkey. Suicide prevention efforts should address cultural attitudes underlying violence against women and girls through community education programmes, cultural and gender-sensitive care provision and jurisdiction.

Islam and suicide: An interdisciplinary scoping review.

“…For example, ethnoreligious identity development and other age-specific social experiences may be very different among Muslim and non-Muslim-majority countries. Some studies suggest that while Muslim youth may exhibit lower levels of suicidal behavior in Muslim-majority countries, this pattern is reversed in non-Muslim-majority countries (van Bergen et al, 2021).…”

Autoestima E Fatores Culturais Na Adolescência Frente a Tentativa De Suicídio E/Ou Suicídio: Uma Revisão Integrativa

“…Desse modo, a soma de eventos desagradáveis que comprometem a sanidade mental, a autoimagem e rebaixam a autoestima, seguem um traçar de angústia levando a tentativa de suicídio, ainda que por vezes não se tenha a intenção de morrer. Ademais, a impulsividade conectada a agressividade associada ao rebaixamento de atividade cerebral mediada pela serotonina, e os padrões de desregulação emocional, onde esse conjunto pode levar a ideação suicida, e sem uma devida atenção a essas atenuantes, pode levar à tentativa do suicídio (BERGEN;BERGEIJK;MONTESINOS, 2021;SILVA, et al, 2018).…”

The role of honour in interpersonal, intrapersonal and intergroup processes

“…Honor‐related suicides are more prevalent among women (vs. men) with a Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) background (e.g., Canetto, 2015 ) and among White men from the U.S. honor states (vs. women and other racial groups in this region, see Crowder & Kemmelmeier, 2017 ; Osterman & Brown, 2011 ). A recent review of studies examining suicides of Turkish women in Turkey and Europe revealed that honor‐related issues, such as being accused of not being a virgin until marriage, were listed as common reasons for Turkish women's suicide attempts (e.g., van Bergen et al., 2021 ). In a domain that is difficult to study, these studies provide important insight into the role of honor through analysis of archival data and national statistics.…”