Attempts to eliminate Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium from infected Lebanese almond varieties by tissue culture techniques combined or not with thermotherapy

Chalak, L.; Elbitar, A.; Rizk, R.; Choueiri, E.; Salar, Pascal; Bové, Joseph M.

doi:10.1007/s10658-004-7953-4

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previously, several other tissue culture techniques have been successfully employed for efficient elimination of phytoplasmas from infected plants, such as dwarf phytoplasma from mulberry by stem culture (Dai et al ., 1997), yellows phytoplasma from sugarcane by somatic embryogenesis (Parmessur et al ., 2002) and Candidatus phytoplasma from almond by shoot tip or stem culture combined with thermotherapy (Chalak et al ., 2005). However, cryotherapy for elimination of phytoplasmas is advantageous because the material can be prepared for long‐term preservation at the same time (Brison et al ., 1997; Helliot et al ., 2002; Wang et al ., 2003, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoplasmas are restricted to the phloem (Waters & Hunt, 1980) and colonise meristems poorly (Lee et al ., 2000). Pathogen‐tested plant stocks, in which phytoplasmas have not been detected, have been obtained using many different techniques, such as shoot tip culture (Green et al ., 1989; Wongkaew & Fletcher, 2004; Chalak et al ., 2005), thermotherapy (Kahn et al ., 1972; Green et al ., 1989; Chalak et al ., 2005), leaf tissue‐derived somatic embryogenesis (Parmessur et al ., 2002), organogenesis (Wongkaew & Fletcher, 2004), stem culture (Dai et al ., 1997), micrografting (Chalak et al ., 2005) and treatment of plant tissues with antibiotics (Green et al ., 1989; Davies & Clark, 1994; Wongkaew & Fletcher, 2004). Recently, cryotherapy has appeared as a new approach for producing virus‐free plants (Brison et al ., 1997; Helliot et al ., 2002; Wang et al ., 2003, 2006) but it has not been tested for elimination of phytoplasma and other pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips

Wang

Valkonen

2008

Plant Pathology

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Shoot tips with 3-4 leaf primordia were excised from in vitro -grown sweetpotato plants ( Ipomoea batatas ) infected with little leaf phytoplasma ( Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia) and subjected to cryotherapy. All plants regenerated from the cryo-treated shoot tips were free of phytoplasma, whereas shoot tip culture or dehydration of shoot tips without subsequent cryotherapy resulted in phytoplasma-free plants at a frequency of only 7-10%. Histological and ultrastructural studies with light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, indicated that cryotherapy was lethal to all cells except those in the apical dome of the meristem and the two youngest leaf primordia. These surviving parts of the shoot tip contained vascular tissue and sieve elements, but electron microscopy showed no phytoplasma in them. In contrast, an abundance of phytoplasma was found in sieve elements located at the lower, non-surviving parts of the shoot tip 1·0 or 1·5 mm from the apical dome. In the greenhouse, the plants in which phytoplasmas were not detected were healthy-looking, grew vigorously and were readily distinguished from the infected plants that exhibited little leaf and chlorosis symptoms, proliferation of axillary shoots and roots, stunting, and heavily reduced number and size of storage roots. In this study efficient elimination of phytoplasma and production of pathogen-tested plant stocks were achieved with the novel cryotherapy-based approach. The proposed advantage of the technique is that it can be simultaneously used for long-term storage of plant germplasm and for production of pathogen-free plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips

Wang

Valkonen

2008

Plant Pathology

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“…In potato in vitro culture, Pereira and Fortes (2003) reported severe phytotoxic effects on the growth and explant multiplication rate as a function of increasing concentrations (0,32,64,128,256,512, and 1024 mg/L) of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tetracycline in the culture medium. In the study of Chalak et al (2005), no plant was regenerated from 1-cm microcuttings subjected to treatments with 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL oxytetracycline for phytoplasma cleaning (Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium) in almond tree varieties. Gribaudo et al (2007) also observed phytotoxic effects in vine explants using oxytetracycline and showed that auxiliary buds were greatly affected when grown in a culture medium with 100 mg/L oxytetracycline.…”

Section: Antibiotic Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, in vitro culture of shoot tips, associated with thermotherapy and chemotherapy, may be an effective strategy in eliminating viruses or phytoplasma in cassava plants infected with CFSD, which this study focused on. In other studies, the addition of cleaning techniques has shown promising results for virus and phytoplasma elimination (Senula et al, 2000;Chalak et al, 2005;Mwangangi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cleaning cassava genotypes infected with cassava frogskin disease via in vitro shoot tip culture

Carvalho¹,

Oliveira²,

Souza³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. This study aimed to develop a methodology for eliminating cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) from in vitro shoot tip culture by associating thermotherapy and tetracycline. Cuttings from different accessions (BGM0232, BGM0315, BGM0464, BGM584, BGM0841, and BGM1342), infected with CFSD according to visual inspection of the disease symptoms, were used for cleaning. To verify the absence of other diseases, the plants were indexed for Cassava common mosaic virus -CsCMV (by ELISA) and Cassava vein mosaic virus -CsVMV (by polymerase chain reaction, PCR), proving that the accessions were free of these viruses, except for BGM0315 and BGM0464, which were infected with CsVMV. Subsequently, the cuttings were submitted to different tetracycline concentrations for 3 min, and then subjected to thermotherapy under different temperatures (35°, 38°, 40°, 45°, and 55°C). Shoots of 2 cm were harvested, and their surfaces were sterilized in a laminar flow chamber. Subsequently, the shoot tips of different sizes were removed (0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 2 M.J.S. Carvalho et al.Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (2): gmr16029556 mm) for inoculation in a culture medium with tetracycline at the same concentrations in which the cuttings were dipped. After 60 days of cultivation, the explants were transferred to a multiplication medium without antibiotics. Thirty days after the transfer, the viability of the regenerated plants was evaluated, which were then acclimatized for 70 days in a greenhouse and transferred to the field. After 7 months, a visual analysis of the symptomatic roots and a PCR analysis were held to prove the elimination of CFSD and CsVMV from the accessions infected with these viruses (BGM0315 and BGM0464), respectively. Most of the treatments resulted in 100% cleaning of CFSD-infected plants. From accessions that were also infected with CsVMV, only 2% of the plants remained infected, also demonstrating the cleaning efficiency of this protocol for this disease.

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“…It has also been employed to: eliminate huanglongbing liberibacter from citrus (Navarro et al 1991); phytoplasma from almond (Chalak et al 2005); study graft incompatibilities (Jonard et al 1990;Cantos et al 1995); detect viral infection (Tanne et al 1993;D'Khili and Grenan 1995;Pathirana and McKenzie 2005); rejuvenate mature shoots material (Ponsonby and Mantell 1993;Perrin et al 1994;Mneney and Mantell 2001;Onay et al 2004;Thimmappaiah et al 2002); recover plants from non-rooting shoots (Lou and Gould 1999), genetically transformed cultures (Pena et al 1995;Pena and Navarro 1999) and somatic embryos (De Pasquale et al 1999;Raharjo and Litz 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro micrografting for production of Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV)-free plants of kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora)

Singh

Sharma

Rani

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnol Rep

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Production of Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV)-free plants from an infected plant of kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour 9 C. deliciosa Tenora) is reported. The shoot apices of different sizes (0.2-1.0 mm) excised from the ICRSV-infected plant were micrografted onto decapitated rootstock seedlings of rough lemon (C. jambhiri). Micrograft survival depended on the size of shoot apex and the sucrose concentration of the culture medium. Increase in scion size from 0.2 to 0.7 mm resulted in an increase in micrografting success rate from 30.55 to 51.88%. Further, micrograft survival obtained with 0.2 mm was improved from 30.55 to 38.88% by increasing sucrose concentration in the culture media from 5 to 7.5%. The micrografted plants were tested for ICRSV using ELISA and RT-PCR. All plants raised from 0.2-mm scion were found negative with both ELISA and RT-PCR whereas only 20% of the ELISA negative plants raised from 0.3-mm scion were found negative for ICRSV with RT-PCR. The outcome of this research is the successful establishment, acclimatization and virus testing of micrografted plants.

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Attempts to eliminate Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium from infected Lebanese almond varieties by tissue culture techniques combined or not with thermotherapy

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips

Efficient elimination of sweetpotato little leaf phytoplasma from sweetpotato by cryotherapy of shoot tips

Cleaning cassava genotypes infected with cassava frogskin disease via in vitro shoot tip culture

In vitro micrografting for production of Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV)-free plants of kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora)

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