Abstractfor the metallodendrimer, were clearly observed upon layer construction and redox switching within the pH domain of 2 to 6.5. The constructed multilayer assemblies exhibited pH dependent redox activity and thin layer behaviour up to 100 mV s -1 . The porosity and permeability of the individual multilayer assemblies towards an anionic probe was determined by AC impedance and cyclic voltammetry. The surface morphology of each multilayer was also determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Keywords: Polyoxometalate; Krebs; Immobilisation; Layer by Layer (LBL); 3
IntroductionPolyoxometalates (POMs) are a class of redox active compounds formed from metal oxide subunits possessing discrete and varied redox chemistry that typically occurs with little to no change in the structure of the molecule. The varied and extensive properties of different polyoxometalates, such as their electrical, magnetic, optical and structural properties, has lead to them being employed across a wide range of applications, from catalysis to electronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In order to reliably produce polyoxometalate-based devices for specific purposes a reproducible and practical method for their construction must be considered. Several methods are possible, including polymer doping and electrodeposition [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], the method utilised here is the layer-by-layer method. This layer-by-layer method has been known significant and reproducible film growth for a variety of applications while remaining a simple and rapid method for film formation [31 -35]. The layer-by-layer method uses alternating layer of cationic and anionic species in succession to form a multi-layer film on the desired surface. Such layer are formed from solution by electrostatic attractive of solution species to the film surface. This is repeated by exposure 4 of the film to different solutions containing either the cationic or anionic species to be adhered in repetition in order to construct the film.This work examines the properties of these polyoxometalates, [BiCo] , when contained with a multi-layered film composed of a base PDDA (polydiallydimethylammmonium) cationic layer followed by alternating layer of the anionic polyoxometalate and cationic ruthenium (II) pentaerythritol based metallodendrimers (ruthenium metallodrimer). The electrochemical behaviour of each polyoxometalates and the possibility of copper expulsion from the tungsten-oxide framework is examined. The structure of these films and its influence on their displayed properties is further examined by comparison to the behaviour of a well-known redox couple, potassium ferri/ferrocyanide, at potential inactive regions for the polyoxometalate-based film, as the film is constructed. This gave greater insight into additional physical/structural considerations for the film based properties involving solution based species.
Experimental
MaterialsAll starting materials were of synthetic grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldric...