“…Over the past decade there has been an increasing focus on NCTs such as smartphones and mobile devices, and social media platforms such as social networking and online dating sites and apps, as a feature of, and embedded in, social interaction (e.g. Ling, 2004, 2008; Arminen 2005; Haddington & Rauniomaa 2011; Laursen 2012; DiDomenico & Boase 2013; DiDomenico, Raclaw & Robles 2018; Brown, McGregor, & McMillan 2014; Rivière, Licoppe, & Morel 2015; Raclaw, Robles, & DiDomenico 2016). This research shows how opinions about technology are not just about individuals, but are social, cultural, political, and linguistic, with users attaching a variety of positions toward NCTs’ expressiveness, utility, and affectivity (Gordon, Al Zidjaly, & Tovares 2017)—not just in the norms they reflect, but also in situated meanings and societal ideologies they construct (Thurlow & Brown 2003; Arminen, Licoppe, & Spagnolli 2016).…”