Attention and cognitive control networks assessed in a dichotic listening fMRI study

Falkenberg, Liv E.; Specht, Karsten; Westerhausen, René

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.02.006

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The analysis of the performance on the dichotic listening task did not show a significant main effect or any significant interactions with rsGlu (Table 3). Other significant main effects and interactions were found but have been thoroughly discussed in a previous analysis of the data (12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The top-down instruction-driven component was added by selectively directing the subjects' attention, giving instructions to focus their attention to, and report from, the right-[forced-right attention condition (FR)] or the left-ear stimulus [forcedleft attention condition (FL)] (24, 29). Thus, focusing on the less-salient stimulus would induce a higher need for top-down cognitive control processes than focusing on the more salient stimulus, predicting a significant interaction between attention instruction and sound intensity manipulation (11,12). Attention instructions were given by using goggles mounted to the head coil (NordicNeuroLab) and preceded the auditory stimuli by 1.5 s. The attention conditions were randomly intermixed, and which ear to attend was indicated on the screen by text ("Attend left/right ear") and by an arrow pointing in the respective direction (left/right).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis was set up within the framework of the general linear model (full factorial design), including predictors coding the main effects of attention instruction (categorical, within-subjects factor), IID (categorical, within-subjects factor), and rsGlu (continuous, between-subjects factor; z-standardized), and all possible interactions of these three predictors (36). Brain regions showing a significant interaction of attention instruction and IID was interpreted as being involved in cognitive control processes (11,12). The effect of interest was the three-way interaction of all three predictors, indicating the modulation of cognitive control processes by the rsGlu levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A). The auditory cognitive control paradigm for the functional MRI (fMRI) acquisition has been frequently shown to tap cognitive control processes (11,12) and is based on the dichotic presentation of consonant-vowel syllables, whereby the relative saliency of the two syllables is systematically varied through interaural sound intensity differences (IID; bottom-up component).The syllables are presented with different attention instruction (top-down component), requiring the subjects to selectively attend to, and report, the syllable presented to the left (forced-left attention condition, FL) or right ear (forced-right attention condition, FR), respectively. The interaction of the top-down and bottom-up components determines the demand for cognitive control: Instructed to focus on the less salient of the two stimuli induces a higher need for cognitive control than focusing on the more salient stimulus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control

Falkenberg

Westerhausen

Specht

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a core structure for the governing of cognitive control, and recent studies have shown that interindividual differences in dACC anatomy are associated with corresponding differences in the ability for cognitive control. However, individuals differ not only in anatomical features of dACC, but also exhibit substantial variability regarding the biochemical characteristics of the dACC. In this study, we combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), finding that interindividual differences of glutamate levels in the dACC during resting-state predict the strength of the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to a task requiring cognitive control. This relationship was observed in the retrosplenial cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the inferior parietal lobe, and the basal ganglia. More specifically, individuals with low resting-state glutamate levels in the dACC showed an increased BOLD response when the task demands were high, whereas high-glutamate individuals showed the opposite pattern of an increased BOLD response when the task demands were low. Thus, we show here that individual variability of glutamate levels is directly related to how the brain implements cognitive control.dichotic listening | default-mode network | gamma-aminobutyric acid D espite the steadily increasing knowledge concerning the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive control processes, little is known regarding the underlying biochemistry. Glutamate is particularly interesting in this respect because it is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and also acts as a substantial intermediate in cerebral energy metabolism (1). Glutamate functioning is known to be reduced in several psychiatric disorders associated with an impairment in cognitive control (2), and pharmacologically induced reduction of glutamate levels has been found to alter the blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to cognitively demanding tasks (3, 4). Here, we investigate the effect of interindividual variations in levels of glutamate on cognitive control mechanisms in healthy subjects. As target region for this investigation, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was chosen because it represents a core region for handling cognitive conflict (5) and regulating the engagement of cognitive control processes (6), in addition to having strong connections to the frontoparietal and frontostriatal executive and cognitive control networks (7-9). Furthermore, the dACC is rich in glutamatergic innervation (10), rendering it as the prime candidate for the investigation of how individual glutamate levels affect the neuronal implementation of cognitive control.Individual levels of glutamate were determined in a resting state (rsGlu) in 40 healthy adults, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) from bilateral voxels located in the dACC (Fig. 1A). The auditory cognitive control paradigm for the functional MRI (fMRI) acquisition has been fre...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control

Falkenberg

Westerhausen

Specht

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Research Methods in Neuropsychology

Bauer

Dunn

2012

Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition

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The system‐neurophysiological basis for how methylphenidate modulates perceptual–attentional conflicts during auditory processing

Adelhöfer

Gohil

Passow

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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The ability to selectively perceive and flexibly attend to relevant sensory signals in the environment is essential for action control. Whereas neuromodulation of sensory or attentional processing is often investigated, neuromodulation of interactive effects between perception and attention, that is, high attentional control demand when the relevant sensory information is perceptually less salient than the irrelevant one, is not well understood. To fill this gap, this pharmacological-electroencephalogram (EEG) study applied an intensity-modulated, focused-attention dichotic listening paradigm together with temporal EEG signal decomposition and source localization analyses. We used a double-blind MPH/placebo crossover design to delineate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH)-a dopamine/norepinephrine transporter blocker-on the resolution of perceptual-attentional conflicts, when perceptual saliency and attentional focus favor opposing ears, in healthy young adults. We show that MPH increased behavioral performance specifically in the condition with the most pronounced conflict between perceptual saliency and attentional focus. On the neurophysiological level, MPH effects in line with the behavioral data were observed after accounting for intraindividual variability in the signal. More specifically, MPH did not show an effect on stimulus-related processes but modulated the onset latency of processes between stimulus evaluation and responding. These modulations were further shown to be associated with activation differences in the temporoparietal junction (BA40) and the superior parietal cortex (BA7) and may reflect neuronal gain modulation principles. The findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of modulated dopamine/norepinephrine transmitter systems for the interactions between perception and attention.

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Attention and cognitive control networks assessed in a dichotic listening fMRI study

Cited by 55 publications

References 72 publications

Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control

Resting-state glutamate level in the anterior cingulate predicts blood-oxygen level-dependent response to cognitive control

Research Methods in Neuropsychology

The system‐neurophysiological basis for how methylphenidate modulates perceptual–attentional conflicts during auditory processing

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