Attention as a Unitary Concept

Abstract

In this paper, I discuss attention in terms of selecting visual information and acting on it. Selection has been taken as a bedrock concept in attention research since James (1890). Selective attention guides action by privileging some things at the expense of others. I formalize this notion with models which capture the relationship between input and output under the control of spatial and temporal attention, by attenuating or discarding certain inputs and by weighing energetic costs, speed, and accuracy in meeting pre-chosen goals. Examples are given from everyday visually guided actions, and from modeling data obtained from visual searches through temporal and spatial arrays and related research. The relation between selection, as defined here, and other forms of attention is discussed at the end.

A dynamic normalization model of temporal attention

“…Previous modeling frameworks that incorporate both attention and some dynamic element include: the “attention gating model” 72 , 73 72 – 74 ; the “theory of visual attention” (TVA) 75 – 77 ; and the “competitive interaction theory” 17 , 33 , 34 . Each framework includes different model variants, some of which incorporate normalization 17 , 75 .…”