The present chapter of this book delves into the exploration of metaheuristic algorithms as an avenue for solving optimization problems pertaining to engineering and intricate systems. Metaheuristics which encompass a diverse array of intelligent search and optimization techniques inspired by natural phenomena, have demonstrated their efficacy in addressing intricate, nonlinear, and multi-objective optimization challenges. Furthermore, a thorough and comprehensive overview of metaheuristic algorithms, including genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony optimization, among others, is provided. Additionally, the chapter delves into the synergistic potential of combining metaheuristics with other optimization techniques, as well as machine learning and data-driven approaches. Ultimately, this chapter culminates in serving as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students who possess an interest in employing metaheuristics for the optimization of engineering and complex systems.