Attention-Controlled Assistive Wrist Rehabilitation Using a Low-Cost EEG Sensor

Abstract

Robotically assisted rehabilitation therapy is effective in recovering motor function following impairment. It is essential to make sure patients be actively involved in the motor training process using robot-assisted rehabilitation to achieve better rehabilitation outcomes. This paper introduces a brain-controlled wrist rehabilitation method using a low-cost EEG sensor. Active rehabilitation training is realized using a threshold of the attention level measured by the low-cost EEG sensor as a brain-controlled switch for a flexible wrist exoskeleton assisting wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation. We present a prototype implementation of this active training method and provide a preliminary evaluation. The feasibility of the attention-based control is proven with the overall actuation success rate of 95% and the subjective score of 7.5 out of 10 given by the participants to assess whether the attention-based control for the wrist exoskeleton feels natural. Although the general threshold performed slightly better in the system evaluation experiment regarding the success rates, the time used before the robot actuation and the subjective scores showed no significant difference on the performance using a general threshold and using customized threshold.

Exploring the Correlation Between Attention and Cognitive Load Through Association Rule Mining by Using a Brainwave Sensing Headband

“…In this research, mental fatigue is measured by filling out the subjective fatigue scale [12]. Li et al introduced an attention-controlled wrist rehabilitation method to realize active rehabilitation training using a low-cost EEG sensor [7]. Kuo et al used MindSet headset for detecting attention to investigate the participants' learning achievements and learning attitudes in an English listening course [13].…”

“…Casson et al pointed out that wearable EEG will be one of the necessary instruments for measuring EEG in the future [27]. This study used BrainLink Lite, a head-mounted non-invasive EEG instrument -BrainLink Lite (as shown in Figure 1) [7]. This instrument can capture brain wave signals (as shown in Figure 2) through a Bluetooth transmission module and a non-invasive dry electrode sensor on the forehead, and it can process and output the attention index and relaxation index of brain waves.…”

“…Wearable EEG instruments could solve many equipment and environmental limitations and provide many potential benefits when measuring brain wave signals [6]. In addition, some researchers have shown the feasibility of using lowcost wearable EEG to measure brain wave signals [7]. These wearable EEG instruments measure five wavelengths in the human brain with different channel numbers and contact points.…”

Adaptive Admittance Control Scheme with Virtual Reality Interaction for Robot-Assisted Lower Limb Strength Training

“…Resistance training, a common method for strength training, has been used successfully for improving lower extremity ability (e.g., muscle strength, stride, and gait velocity) [15][16][17]; it is also utilized in cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury [18,19]. Generally, active training is referred to the training function of rehabilitation devices, which can provide assistance/resistance for strength training [20][21][22][23]. Although some current rehabilitation devices can perform active training to enhance muscle strength of patients, little attention is paid to training quality and user's engagement in robot-assisted strength training.…”

Advanced LabVIEW Applications Aimed for the Acquisition, Processing and Classification of the Electroencephalographic Signals Used in a Brain-Computer Interface System

“…The classification process is facilitated by machine learning techniques, such as: neural networks, supported vector machines, logistic regression and others. Every class is associated to a particular command that is transmitted to the target application, for example: a brain-controlled motorized wheelchair, a neuroprosthesis, a medical system aimed for rehabilitation [20] or the mind-controlled movement of the cursor on the computer screen.…”