Attention‐Deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in a college sample: An exploratory study

Burton, Christie L.; Stevenson, Joan C.; Williams, D. C.; Everson, Phillip Mark; Mahoney, Eldon R.; Trimble, Joseph E.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.10179

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Fluctuating asymmetry, for example, is associated with male, but not female, sexual orientation [325]. Moreover, it is positively associated with schizophrenia [326,327], human reactive aggression [328], and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [329,330], but is unrelated to psychosis [331].…”

Section: Anthropology and Evolutionary Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating Asymmetry: Methods, Theory, and Applications

et al. 2010

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Fluctuating asymmetry consists of random deviations from perfect symmetry in populations of organisms. It is a measure of developmental noise, which reflects a population's average state of adaptation and coadaptation. Moreover, it increases under both environmental and genetic stress, though responses are often inconsistent. Researchers base studies of fluctuating asymmetry upon deviations from bilateral, radial, rotational, dihedral, translational, helical, and fractal symmetries. Here, we review old and new methods of measuring fluctuating asymmetry, including measures of dispersion, landmark methods for shape asymmetry, and continuous symmetry measures. We also review the theory, developmental origins, and applications of fluctuating asymmetry, and attempt to explain conflicting results. In the process, we present examples from the literature, and from our own research at "Evolution Canyon" and elsewhere.

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Section: Anthropology and Evolutionary Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating Asymmetry: Methods, Theory, and Applications

et al. 2010

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“…Thus, the evidence of abnormal laterality and size differences in the subparts of brains of individuals with AD/HD would lead one to expect that higher levels of AD/HD symptoms should be reflected in higher levels of FA, and particularly body FA. Burton et al (2003) examined whether AD/ HD behaviors positively correlated with FA in the face, hands, and fingerprints of a sample of college students (n ¼ 176; 57 males, 119 females) not selected for AD/HD. Levels of ''AD/HDness'' were measured by a Rasch analysis of individual responses to the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), a retrospective AD/HD symptom assessment for adults (Ward et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and fluctuating asymmetry in another college sample

Stevenson

Everson

Williams

et al. 2006

American J Hum Biol

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) represents a developmental lag that may be reflected in fluctuating asymmetry (FA), i.e., differences from perfect symmetry in traits that display bilateral symmetry. Burton et al. (2003 Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:601-619) found a statistical trend for FA to increase (as dermatoglyphic index or as total index) as the behavioral measure for AD/HDness (Rasch logit values derived from the Wender Utah Rating Scale, or WURS) increased in males but not in females. The objective here was to do a similar study in an independently collected sample of college students (n = 222; 61 male, 161 female) not selected for AD/HD, looking at FA vs. symptoms for AD/HD based on Rasch versions of responses to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) (Barkley and Murphy 1998 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, New York: Guilford Press, p. 95-96) and the more comparable shortened WURS. FAs were lowest for body and ear height, and highest for eye width and nose width, and ranged from 0.01 +/- 0.001 (mean +/- SE) for foot and ankle widths to 0.13 +/- 0.01 in eye and nose widths for both sexes; the sexes did not differ significantly. Males displayed higher AD/HD symptom rates overall. There was a significant correlation between body FA and the WURS measure in females after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.002, r(2) = 0.058). Thus, AD/HD symptoms levels increased with an increase in body FA in female college students not selected for AD/HD.

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“…The level of asymmetry depends not only on the type, duration and intensity of stressors acting during intra-uterine life, but also on the individual's ability to stabilise development in adverse conditions (Gawlikowska et al 2007a, b;Gray and Marlowe 2002;Hershkovitz et al 1990;1992;Livshits and Kobyliansky 1991;Møller and Swaddle 1997and Palmer and Strobeck 1992. Recent research has highlighted higher FA levels in patients suffering from Down's syndrome (Townsend and Dent 1983), aggression and schizophrenia (Burton et al 2003;Saha et al 2003;Dinwiddie 2005;Bates 2007;Fatjó-Vilas et al 2008;and Shakibaei et al 2011). FA analysis is useful in the examination of historic populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław

Gawlikowska-Sroka

Dąbrowski

Szczurowski

et al. 2013

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In this paper, we test the hypothesis that indices of nutritional stress from enamel hypoplasia increase the incidence of indicators of developmental instability in fluctuating asymmetry, even in high social status individuals. The studied material consisted of a medieval sample of 58 skulls from the Wrocław area. Radiographs were taken in postero-anterior (P-A) and base projections. Images were scanned and calibrated by means of MicroStation 95 Academic Edition software, and measurements of the skull images were used to estimate fluctuating asymmetry. The presence of hypoplasia and caries was assessed using standard anthropological methods and all data was statistically analysed. The highest levels of fluctuating asymmetry were observed in the skull base region. Hypoplasia was observed in 40% and caries in 55.5%. Differences were noted in the level of fluctuating asymmetry in relationship to the presence or absence of hypoplasia, where a higher level predisposes individuals to enamel hypoplasia and a decline in buffering capacity, regardless of their socio-economic status.

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Attention‐Deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in a college sample: An exploratory study

Cited by 18 publications

References 66 publications

Fluctuating Asymmetry: Methods, Theory, and Applications

Fluctuating Asymmetry: Methods, Theory, and Applications

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and fluctuating asymmetry in another college sample

Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław

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