Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Offending

Young, Susan; Cocallis, Kelly

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80882-2_16

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Alternatively, the use of pharmaceuticals as indications of ADHD may falsely capture individuals who may be accessing these medications for other conditions (D'Souza et al, 2020). The level of undercount is reflected in the relatively low prevalence of ADHD found in our sample at 2.7% compared with worldwide prevalence estimates typically in the 5-7% range (Freckelton, 2019;Holland et al, 2023;Retz et al, 2021;Young & Cocallis, 2022). The effect that any misclassification bias may have had on our findings is unknown.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is clinically defined as a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by the presence of pervasive and developmentally excessive levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties in attention (Mehta et al, 2019;Sayal et al, 2018;Young & Cocallis, 2022). The executive functions impaired in ADHD have been identified as being those of activation, focus, effort, emotion, memory and action (Brown, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While estimates of ADHD prevalence vary due to methodological differences between studies, it is generally accepted that the global prevalence among children and young people is currently around 5-7% ( Freckelton, 2019 ; Holland et al, 2023 ; Retz et al, 2021 ; Sayal et al, 2018 ; Young & Cocallis, 2022 ; Zalsman & Shilton, 2016 ). The male to female ratio of ADHD is estimated to be 3:1 ( Slobodin & Davidovitch, 2019 ; Willcutt, 2012 ; Young et al, 2020 ; Zalsman & Shilton, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant associations between ADHD and both convictions and incarcerations were more recently demonstrated in a Danish nationwide longitudinal study, though these effects were smaller than previously reported risks due to adjustment for known individual and familial criminogenic risk factors ( Mohr-Jensen et al, 2019 ). Research has also reported that, compared to individuals without ADHD, those with ADHD are more likely to be younger at first arrest and conviction ( Philipp-Wiegmann et al, 2018 ; Young & Cocallis, 2022 ) and tend to have an increased risk of recidivism ( Retz et al, 2021 ), and a higher number of further engagements with the CJS ( Philipp-Wiegmann et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increased risk of CJS interactions is also reflected in the disproportionately higher rates of ADHD reported across multiple contact points within the CJS, including police custody/arrests, prison, probation, and forensic mental health settings ( Young & Cocallis, 2022 ). Compared to rates of ADHD in the general population, research suggests that there may be around five times the rate of ADHD in youth offender populations and 10 times the rate of ADHD in adult offender populations ( Retz et al, 2021 ; Young & Cocallis, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort

Anns,

D’Souza,

MacCormick

et al. 2023

J Atten Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine criminal justice system (CJS) interactions and pathways through the justice system for young adults with ADHD compared to young adults without ADHD. Method: Nationwide 3-year birth cohort study using linked health and CJS data. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine associations between ADHD and police proceedings, court charges, court convictions, and incarcerations. Results: Young adults with ADHD were significantly more likely to interact with the CJS including police proceedings (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1 95% CI [2.0, 2.2]) court charges (HR, 2.2 95% CI [2.1, 2.3]), court convictions (HR, 2.3 95% CI [2.2, 2.4]), and incarceration (HR, 4.8 95% CI [4.3, 5.4]). Conclusions: Young adults with ADHD are overrepresented at all stages of the CJS. Results highlight the importance of early identification and responsivity to ADHD within the CJS and suggest that the NZ justice system may require changes to both areas to ensure that young individuals with ADHD receive equitable access to, and treatment within, the CJS.

show abstract

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort

Anns,

D’Souza,

MacCormick

et al. 2023

J Atten Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Do Late Bloomers Exist Among Adjudicated Youth?: Examining Parental Factors and ADHD Symptomatology as Contributors to Protective Bud and Bloom Effects

Wojciechowski

2023

J Dev Life Course Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders in A Cluster of Primary Schools in the Ayawaso Submetro, Accra, Ghana

Lamptey¹,

Thomas²

2022

pmjg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a high level of inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behaviour that begins in childhood. It is developmentally inappropriate and impairs thefunctional life of the affected child at home and at school. Although ADHD is a very common childhood developmental disorder, it is not given the attention it deserves in childhood disorders in Ghana. Children affected by ADHD present with numerous psychosocialproblems in the communities they live, wherever they find themselves, and in later life. These psychosocial problems include substance, child and sexual abuses. They also present a range of psychiatric and behavioural disorders e.g. suicides and homicides. They are prone to becoming school dropouts, armed robbers and prostitutes. The present study looked at the prevalence of ADHD in a cluster of primary schools in Accra, Ghana. This study is expected to give evidence for early secondary prevention.Methods: Using random sampling, 18 primary schools were selected from 58 primary schools in the Ayawaso sub metropolitan area in Accra, Ghana. Six out of the eighteen primary schools refused to take part in the study for various reasons. The final cohort of pupils,were from 12 schools with a total population of four hundred and four (404). Their ages ranged from 5 to 9 years. Parents, guardians and teachers were asked to complete the rating scores of symptoms of ADHD by Corners which is based on DSM-IV. The study alsoassessed the educational status of guardians and parents from the questionnaires.Results: The total number of ADHD males and females was forty (40) and thirty seven (37) respectively. The prevalence of ADHD in the males and female cohorts were ten percent (10%) and nine-point one percent (9.1%) respectively, making a total prevalence ofnineteen-point one percent (19.1%).Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in the selected primary schools was nineteen-point one percent (19.1%). The study also showed that lower socioeducational status may be a positive risk factor for ADHD.

show abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Offending

Cited by 3 publications

References 65 publications

Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort

Risk of Criminal Justice System Interactions in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a National Birth Cohort

Do Late Bloomers Exist Among Adjudicated Youth?: Examining Parental Factors and ADHD Symptomatology as Contributors to Protective Bud and Bloom Effects

The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders in A Cluster of Primary Schools in the Ayawaso Submetro, Accra, Ghana

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About