Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and medication with stimulants in young children: A DTI study

Luis‐García, Rodrigo de; Cabús-Piñol, Gemma; Imaz-Roncero, Carlos; Argibay-Quiñones, Daniel; Barrio-Arranz, Gonzalo; Aja‐Fernández, Santiago; Alberola-López, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.014

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In agreement with earlier studies (de Luis-Garcia et al, 2015; Lawrence et al, 2013), these findings for MD were observed in more widespread areas of the brain than those for FA and our finds support a recent study that increased MD was correlated with worse performance indicators of ADHD (Conners Continuous Performance Test)(de Luis-Garcia et al, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Deviant white matter structure in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder points to aberrant myelination and affects neuropsychological performance

Onnink

Zwiers

Hoogman

et al. 2015

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood is characterized by gray and white matter abnormalities in several brain areas. Considerably less is known about white matter microstructure in adults with ADHD and its relation with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance. In 107 adult ADHD patients and 109 gender-, age- and IQ-matched controls, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate whole-skeleton changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, RD). Additionally, we studied the relation of FA and MD values with symptom severity and cognitive performance on tasks measuring working memory, attention, inhibition, and delay discounting. In comparison to controls, participants with ADHD showed reduced FA in corpus callosum, bilateral corona radiata, and thalamic radiation. Higher MD and RD were found in overlapping and even more widespread areas in both hemispheres, also encompassing internal and external capsule, saggital stratum, fornix, and superior lateral fasciculus. Values of FA and MD were not associated with symptom severity. However, within some white matter clusters that distinguished patients from controls, worse inhibition performance was associated with reduced FA and more impulsive decision making was associated with increased MD. This study shows widespread differences in white matter integrity between adults with persistent ADHD and healthy individuals. Changes in RD suggest aberrant myelination as a pathophysiological factor in persistent ADHD. The microstructural differences in adult ADHD may contribute to poor inhibition and greater impulsivity but appear to be independent of disease severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Increased MD is related with decreased cellular density (Alexander et al, 2007) and may reflect abnormalities in ADHD more sensitively than FA (de Luis-Garcia et al, 2015; Lawrence et al, 2013). Moreover, decreased FA might result from increased radial diffusivity (RD) and/or reduced axial diffusivity (AD) (Alexander et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deviant white matter structure in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder points to aberrant myelination and affects neuropsychological performance

Onnink

Zwiers

Hoogman

et al. 2015

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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“…Details of included studies are provided in Table 1. Twelve studies with 13 datasets, including a total of 557 individuals with ADHD and 568 TD participants, were included in the meta-analysis of TBSS studies (Adisetiyo et al, 2014;Chuang, Wu, Huang, Weng, & Yang, 2013;Cooper, Thapar, & Jones, 2015;Cortese et al, 2013;De Luis-Garcia et al, 2015;King, Yurgelun-Todd, Stoeckel, Dimuzio, & Lopez-Larson, 2015;Nagel et al, 2011;O'conaill et al, 2015;Onnink et al, 2015;Silk, Vance, Rinehart, Bradshaw, & Cunnington, 2009;Van Ewijk et al, 2014;Yoncheva et al, 2016). Since one of two datasets in Cortese et al, recruited individuals with a current ADHD diagnosis, the study was included in the analysis (Cortese et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Review: Diffusion tensor imaging studies of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta‐analyses and reflections on head motion

Aoki

Cortese

Castellanos

2017

Child Psychology Psychiatry

109

114

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A growing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) literature (total N = 1,717) and a plethora of apparent findings suggest atypical interhemispheric connection in ADHD. However, FA results in ADHD should be considered with caution, since many studies did not examine potential group differences in head motion, and most of the studies reporting no difference in motion showed no significant results. Future studies should address head motion as a priority and assure that groups do not differ in head motion.

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“…In contrast, other studies failed to identify any regional alteration, in either children or adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls, even with comparable sample sizes (Ercan et al, 2016;Yoncheva et al, 2016). Inconsistency might result from differences in scanning, data processing, and quality assurance protocols, differences in demographic characteristics of the participants, eg, age (Roalf et al, 2016), sex (Jacobson et al, 2015), medication history (de Luis-Garcia et al, 2015), as well as the heterogeneous nature of the disorder (Thapar and Cooper, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Children with ADHD: Categorical and Dimensional Perspectives

Bralten

Cao

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Studies of brain alterations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have shown heterogeneous results. The aims of the current study were to investigate white matter microstructure in children using both categorical and dimensional definitions of ADHD and to determine the functional consequences of observed alterations. In a large single-site sample of children (aged 8-15 years) with ADHD (n = 83) and healthy controls (n = 122), we used tract-based spatial statistics on diffusion tensor imaging data to investigate whole-skeleton differences of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, RD), and mode of anisotropy related to ADHD status (categorical) and symptom severity (dimensional). For categorical differences observed, we analyzed their association with cognitive functioning in working memory and inhibition. Compared with healthy controls, children with ADHD showed decreased FA and increased RD in widespread, overlapping brain regions, mainly in corpus callosum (CC) and major tracts in the left hemisphere. Decreased FA was associated with inhibition performance in the participants with ADHD. Using dimensional definitions, greater hyperactivity/ impulsivity symptom severity was associated with higher FA also in widespread regions, mainly in CC and major tracts in the right hemisphere. Our study showed white matter alterations to be related to ADHD status and symptom severity in patients. The coexistence of decreased FA and increased RD in the absence of alterations in MD or AD might indicate altered myelination as a pathophysiological factor in ADHD.

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and medication with stimulants in young children: A DTI study

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Deviant white matter structure in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder points to aberrant myelination and affects neuropsychological performance

Deviant white matter structure in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder points to aberrant myelination and affects neuropsychological performance

Research Review: Diffusion tensor imaging studies of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta‐analyses and reflections on head motion

White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Children with ADHD: Categorical and Dimensional Perspectives

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