Attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in preschool children from an E-waste recycling town: assessment by the parent report derived from DSM-IV

Zhang, Ruibiao; Huo, Xia; Ho, Guyu; Chen, Xiaojuan; Wang, Hongwu; Wang, Tianyou; Ma, Lian

doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0368-x

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This nding suggests that toxic substances in e-waste besides lead may inhibit Hb synthesis and contribute to anaemia pathogenesis. Our previous study in this investigation group showed that there was a negative correlation between blood cadmium and Hb level in children in Guiyu [10], which is consistent with other ndings that the Hb level in the high-cadmium group was lower than that in the low-cadmium group [27].…”

Section: Comparison Of In Uencing Factors Of Anaemia Among Children Isupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effect of lead exposure from electronic waste on haemoglobin synthesis in children

Wang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is ongoing in Guiyu, so toxic heavy metals may continue to threaten the health of children in the area. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of e-waste exposure on haemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in preschool children. Methods Medical exams were conducted with the consent of children’s guardians and the approval of the Shantou University Medical College Ethics Committee. This study recruited 224 and 204 children in 3–6 years old from Guiyu (exposed group) and from a town without e-waste pollution (control group), respectively. Blood levels of lead, Hb, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 were tested in all children. Furthermore, all children were assessed for thalassemia, and their parents were asked to complete questionnaires. Results There was no significant differences in ferritin, folate, or vitamin B12 levels between the exposed and control groups (P > 0.05). All children were excluded thalassemia. Blood lead level (BLL) and the rate of children with BLL ≥ 10 µg/dL were higher in the exposed group than control group (both P < 0.01). Both groups were further divided into three sub-groups according to BLL (Group A: <5.0 µg/dL; Group B: 5.0–9.9 µg/dL; Group C: ≥10.0 µg/dL). Hb levels were negatively correlated with BLL in exposed group (F = 3.52, P = 0.03), but not in control group (F = 1.98, P = 0.14). Hb levels in group B and group C were significantly lower in exposed group than in control group (Group B, P = 0.01; Group C, P = 0.03). In addition, the prevalence of anaemia in children with lead poisoning in exposed group were significantly higher than those in control group (4.0% versus 0.5%, P < 0.05). The prevalence of anaemia in children without lead poisoning and without iron deficiency in exposed group were also higher than those in control group (6.5% versus 2.0%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Lead exposure significantly inhibits Hb synthesis in children living in e-waste dismantling areas compared to those living in non-e-waste dismantling areas. Other toxins released from e-waste may also contribute to the inhibition of Hb synthesis and may lead to anaemia in local children. Further investigations are needed to provide evidence for the development of relevant protective measures.

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Section: Comparison Of In Uencing Factors Of Anaemia Among Children Isupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The linear correlation coe cient of the lead standard calibration curve was 0.9920. The accuracy of the method was controlled by the use of recoveries between 96% and 108% [10].…”

Section: Measurement Of Bllsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lead exposure from electronic waste on haemoglobin synthesis in children

Wang

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Within the studies that used European populations, one used a German population [37], one a Spanish population [38] and one a Belgian population [39]. The other studies used an American population [35,46,48], a Chinese population [34,40], a Turkish population [49] and a Mexican population [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huang and coauthors [33] have shown that blood lead levels among Mexican children with low exposure (≤5 μg/dL) were positively associated with hyperactive/impulsive behaviors but not with inattentiveness. Zhang and coauthors [34] investigated the ADHD status among preschool-aged children in Guiyu, an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town in Guangdong, China. The study showed that children with high BLLs (≥10 µg/dL) had a 2.4 times higher risk of ADHD than those with low BLLs (<10 µg/dL).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Lead and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

Donzelli

Carducci

Llópis-González

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The etiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is complex and multifactorial. Although the development of ADHD symptoms remains to be elucidated, in recent years, epigenetic processes have emerged as candidate mechanisms. Lead is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants, and it is suspected to be associated with ADHD. The aim of the present study was to review the epidemiological literature currently available on the relation between lead exposure and the diagnosis of ADHD. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1 July 2018 up to 31 July 2018. The authors included observational studies (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies) published in English carried out on children within the last 5 years, measuring lead exposure and health outcomes related to ADHD. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria: 5 of these studies found no association between lead exposure and ADHD whereas the remaining 12 studies showed positive associations, even though not all of them were homogeneous in terms of exposure periods considered or ADHD diagnosis. To conclude, the evidence from the studies allowed us to establish that there is an association between lead and ADHD and that even low levels of lead raise the risk. However, there is still a lack of longitudinal studies about the relationship between lead exposure and the development of ADHD. Given the potential importance for public health, further research that includes the entire potential risk factors for ADHD in children must be encouraged.

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“…Of the developing countries, China deserves to be highlighted for its biggest population of children living in such a huge area with diversity in geography and culture. While recent studies with ADHD children in China addressed the genetic and environmental influences on ADHD, 7 – 12 family risk factors for ADHD, 13 and psychological and social interventions of ADHD, 14 , 15 there is a relative shortage of epidemiological studies on ADHD in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in elementary school students in Shantou, China: prevalence, subtypes, and influencing factors

Huang¹,

Shao-xiong²,

Xu³

et al. 2017

NDT

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent childhood-onset psychiatric condition and categorized into three subtypes of predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I), hyperactive impulsive (ADHD-H), and combined (ADHD-C). The prevalence and subtypes of ADHD vary considerably. The primary aim of this study was to provide a prevalence estimate of ADHD in elementary school students living in Shantou, a district of China, and in addition to examine the influence of informants, age, and gender on the prevalence. A total of 3,497 students aged 7–12 years were enrolled by random and stratified sampling. In stage I, teachers and parents of all participating students in randomly selected schools were asked to complete Chinese versions of the Conners’ 10-item scale. In stage II, students with high scores (>15) were interviewed by a psychiatrist for a diagnosis with or without ADHD. Parents rated many more students with high scores than teachers did in stage I. The prevalence of ADHD determined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) was 5.91% (5.27%–6.55%), which is comparable to the rates reported in previous studies with Chinese children. This hits the low border of the ADHD prevalence range from 5.9 to 7.1% worldwide, and is lower than that of Chinese children living in Hong Kong, suggesting an important influence of Chinese culture on the diagnosis of ADHD. The constituent ratios of ADHD-I, ADHD-C, and ADHD-H subtypes were 67.43, 24.57, and 8.00%, respectively. The rate of ADHD-H decreased with age, whereas that of ADHD-I remained at the highest levels in all age groups, suggesting that symptoms in the inattention domain are the most persistent and refractory.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in preschool children from an E-waste recycling town: assessment by the parent report derived from DSM-IV

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of lead exposure from electronic waste on haemoglobin synthesis in children

Effect of lead exposure from electronic waste on haemoglobin synthesis in children

The Association between Lead and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in elementary school students in Shantou, China: prevalence, subtypes, and influencing factors

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