Attention Maintenance in Novice Drivers: Assessment and Training

Pradhan, Archana; Masserang, Kathleen M.; Divekar, Gautam; Reagan, Ian J.; Thomas, F. Dennis; Blomberg, Richard D.; Pollatsek, Alexander; Fisher, Donald L.

doi:10.17077/drivingassessment.1342

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Results from driving simulators indicate significantly more correct glances at pre-determined areas of risk by trained than untrained drivers [21, 22], in both near and far transfer, immediately [13, 16] (e.g., near: 78% correct glances for trained v. 36% for untrained; far: 77% v. 44%) [13], and 3-5 days post training (near: 52% v. 29%; far: 53% v. 27%) [19]. In addition, Pradhan and colleagues [20] identified that although there was previous evidence that RAPT training improved hazard anticipation skills, it did not have an impact on measures of attention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Young Drivers

McDonald

Goodwin

Pradhan

et al. 2015

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose Poor hazard anticipation skills are a risk factor associated with high motor vehicle crash rates of young drivers. A number of programs have been developed to improve these skills. The purpose of this review was to assess the empirical literature on hazard anticipation training for young drivers. Methods Studies were included if they: 1) included an assessment of hazard anticipation training outcomes; 2) were published between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2013 in an English language peer-reviewed journal or conference proceeding; and 3) included at least one group that uniquely comprised a cohort of participants <21 years. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. Results Studies used a variety of training methods including interactive computer programs, videos, simulation, commentary driving, or a combination of approaches. Training effects were predominantly measured through computer-based testing and driving simulation with eye tracking. Four studies included an on-road evaluation. Most studies evaluated short-term outcomes (immediate or few days). In all studies, young drivers showed improvement in selected hazard anticipation outcomes, but none investigated crash effects. Conclusions Although there is promise in existing programs, future research should include long-term follow up, evaluate crash outcomes, and assess the optimal timing of hazard anticipation training taking into account the age and experience level of young drivers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Young Drivers

McDonald

Goodwin

Pradhan

et al. 2015

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…We first train participants to schedule looks at the in-vehicle task that are no longer than three seconds and then train them to schedule looks that are no longer than two seconds. FOCAL has now been evaluated using a PC-based attention maintenance assessment program (AMAP) before and after training (Pradhan, Masserang, Divekar, Reagan, Thomas, Blomberg, Pollatsek, and Fisher, 2009). The results are striking (Blomberg, Thomas, Reagan, Fisher, Pollatsek, Pradhan, Romoser, Divekar, and Zafian, in review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are driving simulators effective tools for evaluating novice drivers’ hazard anticipation, speed management, and attention maintenance skills?

Chan¹,

Pradhan²,

Pollatsek³

et al. 2010

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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128

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Novice drivers (teen drivers with their solo license for six months or less) are at a greatly inflated risk of crashing. Post hoc analyses of police accident reports indicate that novice drivers fail to anticipate hazards, manage their speed, and maintain attention. These skills are much too broadly defined to be of much help in training. Recently, however, driving simulators have been used to identify those skills which differentiate the novice drivers from older, more experienced drivers in the areas of hazard anticipation and speed management. Below, we report an experiment on a driving simulator which compares novice and experienced drivers’ performance in the third area believed to contribute especially heavily to crashes among novice drivers: attention to the forward roadway. The results indicate that novice drivers are much more willing to glance for long periods of time inside the vehicle than are experienced drivers. Interestingly, the results also indicate that both novice and experienced drivers spend equal amounts of time glancing at tasks external to the vehicle and in the periphery. Moreover, just as a program has been designed to train the scanning skills that clearly differentiate novice from experienced drivers, one might hope that a training program could be designed to improve the attention maintenance skills of novice drivers. We report on the initial piloting of just such a training program. Finally, we address a question that has long been debated in the literature: Do the results from driving simulators generalize to the real world? We argue that in the case of hazard anticipation, speed management, and attention maintenance the answer is yes.

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“…For example, one might reasonably argue that training novice drivers to scan the road ahead more closely, either for specific hazards (Pradhan et al, 2009a) or for more general hazards (Underwood et al, 2002, 2003), would alert such drivers to the importance of keeping glances inside the vehicle relatively short. But, curiously, there appears to be no effect of such training on the duration of in-vehicle glances, at least when the training is focused on hazard anticipation (Pradhan et al, 2009b, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of focused attention training on the duration of novice drivers' glances inside the vehicle

et al. 2011

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Several studies have documented that the failure of drivers to attend to the forward roadway for a period lasting longer than 2-3 seconds is a major cause of highway crashes. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that novice drivers are more likely to glance away from the roadway than experienced drivers for extended periods when attempting to do a task inside the vehicle. The present study examines the efficacy of a PC-based training program (FOCAL) designed to teach novice drivers not to glance away for these extended periods of time. A FOCAL-trained group was compared to a placebo-trained group in an on-road test, and the FOCAL-trained group made significantly fewer glances away from the roadway that were more than 2 seconds than the placebo-trained group. Other measures indicated an advantage for the FOCAL-trained group as well.

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Attention Maintenance in Novice Drivers: Assessment and Training

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

A Review of Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Young Drivers

A Review of Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Young Drivers

Are driving simulators effective tools for evaluating novice drivers’ hazard anticipation, speed management, and attention maintenance skills?

The effects of focused attention training on the duration of novice drivers' glances inside the vehicle

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