Attention’s Accelerator

Reinhart, Robert M. G.; McClenahan, Laura J.; Woodman, Geoffrey F.

doi:10.1177/0956797616636416

Cited by 29 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On each trial, after a 1,000-ms fixation presentation, a horizontally aligned negative–neutral face pair was displayed for 500 ms with each face’s center being 60 pixels (visual angle: 1.7°) away from the fixation. A Landolt-C-like stimulus was used as the probe stimulus (Perlato, Santandrea, Della Libera, & Chelazzi, 2014; Thoern, Grueschow, Ehlert, Ruff, & Kleim, 2016), as it was frequently used in research on WM-driven attention selection (Hollingworth & Beck, 2016; Reinhart, McClenahan, & Woodman, 2016; Woodman & Luck, 2007). That is, a gray circle contour with a gap at the top or bottom (line width: 3 pixels; gap width: 3 pixels; visual angle: .08°) appeared upon the disappearance of the faces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of visual working memory representations on attention bias to threat in individuals with high trait anxiety

Yao

Rodriguez

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Experimental studies have yielded discrepant results regarding the relationship between anxiety and attention bias to threat. Cognitive factors modulating the presence of threat-related attention bias in anxiety have drawn growing attention. Previous research demonstrated that visual working memory (WM) representations can guide attention allocation in a top-down manner. Whether threat-related WM representations affected the presence of attention bias in anxiety awaits examination. Combining a memory task and a dot-probe task, this study investigated how WM representations of faces with neutral or negative expressions modulated the attention bias to threat among highly anxious individuals versus controls. Results showed that highly anxious individuals developed more pronounced attention bias to threat when maintaining WM representations of negative faces as compared to the control group. There were no significant between-group effects when the WM representations were neutral. These results suggested that highly anxious individuals were more susceptible to the influence of mental representations with negative valence on attention deployment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of visual working memory representations on attention bias to threat in individuals with high trait anxiety

Yao

Rodriguez

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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“…Indeed, investigators have argued that attention biases, working memory difficulties, and LTM biases may instigate pathogenic cycles of increasingly negative and less positive information-processing through their bidirectional influences (Wittenborn et al, 2016). Cognitive biases may then not operate in a stable trait-like manner, but rather fluctuate over time and contexts (Everaert, Bronstein, Cannon, & Joormann, 2018; Quinn & Joormann, 2015; Reinhart, McClenahan, & Woodman, 2016; Zvielli, Bernstein, & Koster, 2014). This implies that the strength of the mutual influences between cognitive biases may also vary over time.…”

Section: Dynamic Features Of Attention and Memory Bias Interactions Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Dynamic Interactions Among Cognitive Biases in Depression

et al. 2020

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Depression is theorized to be caused in part by biased cognitive processing of emotional information. Yet, prior research has adopted a reductionist approach that does not characterize how biases in cognitive processes such as attention and memory work together to confer risk for this complex multifactorial disorder. Grounded in affective and cognitive science, we highlight four mechanisms to understand how attention biases, working memory difficulties, and long-term memory biases interact and contribute to depression. We review evidence for each mechanism and highlight time- and context-dependent dynamics. We outline methodological considerations and recommendations for research in this area. We conclude with directions to advance the understanding of depression risk, cognitive training interventions, and transdiagnostic properties of cognitive biases and their interactions.

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“…Therefore, it should capture attention exogenously in a bottom-up manner, regardless of whether the target color matched the content of short-term memory (Gaspline et al, 2016;Theeuwes, 2000). The additional benefit of target color match with short-term memory provides an unambiguous support for top-down contribution to attention shifting that further accelerated attention shifting to the target (Reinhart, McClenahan, & Woodman, 2016).…”

Section: Spatial Attention 25mentioning

confidence: 90%

Top-Down Contributions to Attention Shifting and Disengagement: A Template Model of Visual Attention

Yamaguchi¹

2018

Preprint

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Two separate systems are involved in the control of spatial attention; one that is driven by a goal, and the other that is driven by stimuli. While the goal- and stimulus-driven systems follow different general principles, they also interplay with each other. However, the mechanism by which the goal-driven system influences the stimulus-driven system is still debated. The present study examined top-down contributions to two components of attention orienting, shifting and disengagement, with an experimental paradigm in which participants held a visual item in short-term memory and performed a prosaccade task with a manipulation of the gap between fixation offset and target onset. Four experiments showed that the short-term memory content accelerated shifting and impaired disengagement, but the influence on disengagement depended on the utility of short-term memory in guiding attention toward the target. Thus, the use of short-term memory was strategic. Computational models of visual attention were fitted to the experimental data, which suggested that the top-down contributions to shifting was more prominent than those to disengagement. The present study shows that the current modeling framework was particularly useful when examining the contributions of theoretical constructs for the control of visual attention, but it also suggests limitations.

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Attention’s Accelerator

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

The influence of visual working memory representations on attention bias to threat in individuals with high trait anxiety

The influence of visual working memory representations on attention bias to threat in individuals with high trait anxiety

Mapping Dynamic Interactions Among Cognitive Biases in Depression

Top-Down Contributions to Attention Shifting and Disengagement: A Template Model of Visual Attention

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