Attentional asymmetry in schizophrenia: controlled and automatic processes

Carter, Cameron S.; Robertson, Lynn C.; Chaderjian, Marc; Celaya, Linda J.; Nordahl, Thomas E.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90117-i

Cited by 62 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Research has indicated that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit a deficit in encoding or processing information presented in right hemi-space; this deficit is often referred to as right hemi-spatial inattention (Brugger & Graves, 1997). For example, Wigat et al (1997) reported that un-medicated schizophrenia patients showed a lateralized abnormality in reaction time in a cueing paradigm; similar findings have been reported by others (Carter et al 1992). Such findings support the notion that schizophrenia patients' display left hemispheric dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Visuo-Spatial Ability and Memory of Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Engaged in Productive Work

Ghosh¹,

Chowdwary²,

Jahan³

et al. 2016

Acta Neuropsychologica

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Visuo-Spatial Ability and Memory of Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Engaged in Productive Work

Ghosh¹,

Chowdwary²,

Jahan³

et al. 2016

Acta Neuropsychologica

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“…Again, this finding is in line with our data, which suggest a more robust IOR deficit with the serotonin, rather than the NMDA antagonist model of psychosis. Nevertheless, four studies using appropriate tasks with exogenous, nonpredictive cues reported normal IOR in patients with schizophrenia (Carter et al, 1992;Maruff et al, 1998;Fuentes and Santiago, 1999;. However, again, two out of these four negative studies used a 'cue-back' manipulation (Fuentes and Santiago, 1999;, where a second cue draws attention back to the central fixation point shortly after the first cue and prior to the appearance of the target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the IOR data tend to be more consistent across publications. However, some studies reported a normal amount of IOR (Carter et al, 1992;Maruff et al, 1998;Fuentes and Santiago, 1999; and one study reported blunted IOR only in patients with the paranoid, but not with the undifferentiated type of schizophrenia (Carter et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Return in the Human 5HT2A Agonist and NMDA Antagonist Model of Psychosis

Gouzoulis-Mayfrank

Heekeren

Neukirch

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Patients with schizophrenia exhibit disturbances of orienting of attention. However, findings have been inconsistent. Pharmacologic challenges with hallucinogens have been used as models for psychosis. The NMDA antagonist state (PCP, ketamine) resembles undifferentiated psychoses with positive and negative symptoms, while the 5-HT 2A agonist state (LSD, dimethyltryptamine (DMT)) is thought to be an appropriate model for psychoses with prominent positive symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate orienting of attention in the human NMDA antagonist and 5-HT 2A agonist models of psychosis. A total of 15 healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with a low and a high dose of DMT and S-ketamine, which elicited subtle 'prepsychotic' or fullblown psychotic symptoms (low and high dose, respectively). Nine subjects completed both experimental days with the two doses of both drugs. Overall, both hallucinogens slowed down reaction times dose dependently (DMT 4S-ketamine) and DMT diminished the general response facilitating (alerting) effect of spatially neutral cues. Inhibition of Return (IOR), that is, the normal reaction time disadvantage for validly cued trials with exogenous cues and long cue target intervals, was blunted after both doses of DMT and the low dose of S-ketamine. IOR reflects an automatic, inhibitory mechanism of attention, which is thought to protect the organism from redundant, distracting sensory information. In conclusion, our data suggest a deficit of IOR in both hallucinogen models of psychosis, with the effect being clearer in the serotonin model. Blunted IOR may underlie or predispose to different psychotic manifestations, but particularly to those with prominent positive symptoms.

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“…Because control is trivial in these paradigms, the observed attention effects presumably reflect the implementation of selection. We have identified 14 studies of schizophrenia between 1992 and 2002 using variations on this basic task, and in every case the patients showed a clear reaction time advantage for validly cued targets compared to invalidly cued targets, indicating that they were able to effectively enhance processing at the cued location compared to the uncued location (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Although the precise pattern of results varied to some degree across studies, and deficits were observed under certain conditions in some of the studies, the overall pattern suggests that the implementation of selection is largely intact in schizophrenia patients.…”

Section: The Implementation Of Selection In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Construct of Attention in Schizophrenia

Luck

Gold²

2008

Biological Psychiatry

272

232

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Schizophrenia is widely thought to involve deficits of attention. However, the term attention can be defined so broadly that impaired performance on virtually any task could be construed as evidence for a deficit in attention, and this has slowed cumulative progress in understanding attention deficits in schizophrenia. To address this problem, we divide the general concept of attention into two distinct constructs: input selection, the selection of task-relevant inputs for further processing; and rule selection, the selective activation of task-appropriate rules. These constructs are closely tied to working memory, because input selection mechanisms are used to control the transfer of information into working memory and because working memory stores the rules used by rule selection mechanisms. These constructs are also closely tied to executive function, because executive systems are used to guide input selection and because rule selection is itself at key aspect of executive function. Within the domain of input selection, it is important to distinguish between the control of selection -the processes that guide attention to task-relevant inputs-and the implementation of selectionthe processes that enhance the processing of the relevant inputs and suppress the irrelevant inputs. Current evidence suggests that schizophrenia involves a significant impairment in the control of selection but little or no impairment in the implementation of selection. Consequently, the CNTRICS participants agreed by consensus that attentional control should be a priority target for measurement and treatment research in schizophrenia.Theorists have suggested that schizophrenia involves disorders of attention beginning with the original clinical descriptions of the illness (1,2). However, the term attention has many meanings, and impairment in almost any task could be construed as a consequence of a deficit in attention. The situation is further complicated by the fact that-even when narrowly defined -attention serves to modulate and enhance the functioning of other cognitive systems (e.g., perception, memory, response selection) and interacts extensively with working memory and executive control systems, making it difficult to isolate the role of impairments in attention from impairments in these other systems.The goal of this article is to present a framework for conceptualizing attention that derives from recent advances from the fields of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. This framework can be used to organize both the types of experimental paradigms that are used to

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Attentional asymmetry in schizophrenia: controlled and automatic processes

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Visuo-Spatial Ability and Memory of Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Engaged in Productive Work

Visuo-Spatial Ability and Memory of Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Engaged in Productive Work

Inhibition of Return in the Human 5HT2A Agonist and NMDA Antagonist Model of Psychosis

The Construct of Attention in Schizophrenia

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