Attentional bias effect on post‐traumatic outcomes in children after earthquake: Mediation role of rumination

Abstract

After traumatic events, children with different types of attentional biases produce different psychological reactions with the help of the rumination process. A sample of 909 middle school students was taken from the Yunnan Ludian earthquake-affected area. Measurement scales of the Chinese version of the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNI), the Chinese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES), and the Revised Post-traumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTG-C) were used to assess the attentional bias, risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post-traumatic growth (PTG), respectively. The effect of self-reported attention bias was explored by using a structural equation model and bias-corrected bootstrap test on children's psychological reaction after trauma. The results show that there is a positive relationship between self-reported negative attentional bias and PTSD symptoms partially mediated by intrusive rumination and the negative relationship between self-reported positive attentional bias and PTSD symptoms. On the other hand, the relationship between self-reported positive attentional bias and PTG was positive and partially mediated by deliberate rumination. Furthermore, intrusive rumination did not affect PTG indirectly but mediated the relation of deliberate rumination.

The Impact of Positive Youth Development Attributes on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents Under COVID-19

“…The validated Chinese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) was adopted to measure participants' posttraumatic stress disorder after COVID-19 [30,31]. This scale was used as an objective assessment tool for screening PTSD symptoms after different traumatic events (e.g., earthquake) among Chinese children and adolescents [32,33]. Participants were asked to rate the frequency of occurrence of each symptom using a 4-point scale (0 ¼ "never," 1 ¼ "rarely," 3 ¼ "sometimes," and 5 ¼ "a lot"), resulting in total scores ranging from 0 to 65.…”

The Influence of Post-Traumatic Growth on College Students’ Creativity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Deliberate Rumination

“…For example, it has been shown that optimism, social support, and appropriate cognitive strategies contribute to PTG (Baillie et al, 2014;Pérez-San-Gregorio et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2020). In addition, a number of scholars and practitioners have empirically confirmed the mechanisms of action when different traumatic events have a positive impact on people such as cancer (Sharp et al, 2018), burns (Wiechman Askay and Magyar-Russell, 2009), sexual assault (Frazier et al, 2001), earthquakes (Alamdar et al, 2020), and the death of a loved one (Büchi et al, 2007). Although the possible positive effects of traumatic events have been demonstrated in practice, the exact nature of the predictors and consequences of PTG remain inconclusive (Blackie and Jayawickreme, 2014;Groarke et al, 2017).…”

The role of strength-based parenting, posttraumatic stress, and event exposure on posttraumatic growth in flood survivors.

“…Carra and Curtin (2017), for instance, reported increases in appreciation for everyday activities such as gardening and looking at pictures, as well as reevaluating their priorities. It could also be that the process of rebuilding one's life allows individuals to discover their own strengths (Alamdar et al, 2020), shift their perspective on life, and give priority to their relationships-all aspects of PTG.…”