Attentional Biases and Vulnerability to Depression

Pérez, Myriam Gallardo; Rivera, Rosa María Baños; Fuster, Amparo Belloch; Rodríguez, Maria Ángeles Ruipérez

doi:10.1017/s1138741600005412

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This lets one suggests that the depressed items must be distinguished from the negative items. This is consistent with the findings of attentional bias in MDD towards depression related information (e.g., sad) [19] , [23] – [25] , [32] but not the other negative information (e.g., angry) [30] , [33] – [35] . This result was further supported by the regression analysis showing that subjects (depressed and healthy) with higher BDI scores exhibited increased effect of emotional conflict induced by depression-relevant distractors (see Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Is There a Valence-Specific Pattern in Emotional Conflict in Major Depressive Disorder? An Exploratory Psychological Study

Liu

Weng

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivePatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) clinically exhibit a deficit in positive emotional processing and are often distracted by especially negative emotional stimuli. Such emotional-cognitive interference in turn hampers the cognitive abilities of patients in their ongoing task. While the psychological correlates of such emotional conflict have been well identified in healthy subjects, possible alterations of emotional conflict in depressed patients remain to be investigated. We conducted an exploratory psychological study to investigate emotional conflict in MDD. We also distinguished depression-related stimuli from negative stimuli in order to check whether the depression-related distractors will induce enhanced conflict in MDD.MethodsA typical word-face Stroop paradigm was adopted. In order to account for valence-specificities in MDD, we included positive and general negative as well as depression-related words in the study.ResultsMDD patients demonstrated a specific pattern of emotional conflict clearly distinguishable from the healthy control group. In MDD, the positive distractor words did not significantly interrupt the processing of the negative target faces, while they did in healthy subjects. On the other hand, the depression-related distractor words induced significant emotional conflict to the positive target faces in MDD patients but not in the healthy control group.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated for the first time an altered valence-specific pattern in emotional conflict in MDD patients. The study sheds a novel and specific light on the affective mechanisms underlying the abnormal emotional-cognitive interference in MDD. Such emotional conflict bears important clinical relevance since it may trigger the widespread cognitive dysfunctions frequently observed in MDD. The present findings may have important clinical implications in both prediction and psychotherapy of MDD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Is There a Valence-Specific Pattern in Emotional Conflict in Major Depressive Disorder? An Exploratory Psychological Study

Liu

Weng

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Results show that emotion incongruent expressions were perceived to persist shorter than the emotion congruent expressions 34 . This “mood congruent effects” were also found in clinical populations such as depression, as this population demonstrated an increased likelihood of perceiving negative emotions in others and a decreased likelihood of perceiving positive emotions in others 35,36 . Other’s pain is a very salient negative stimulus which can trigger empathic pain and unpleasant feelings in the observers 4–6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other’s pain: Evidences from an ERP study

Cheng

Chen

Luo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In the current study, we explored the time course of processing other’s pain under induced happy or sad moods. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when participants observing pictures showing others in painful or non-painful situations. Mood induction procedures were applied to the participants before the picture observation task. Happy and sad moods were induced by listening to about 10 minutes of music excerpts selected from the Chinese Affective Music System (CAMS). The ERP results revealed that the induced mood can influence the early automatic components N1, P2, and N2 but not the later top-down controlled components P3 and LPP. The difference of amplitudes elicited by painful and non-painful stimuli was significantly different only in a sad mood but not in a happy mood, which indicates that comparing to a sad mood, the participants’ ability to discriminate the painful stimuli from the non-painful stimuli was weakened in a happy mood. However, this reduction of sensitivity to other’s pain in a happy mood does not necessarily reduce the tendency of prosocial behaviors. These findings offer psychophysiological evidences that people’s moods can influence their empathic response towards other’s pain.

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“…In previous study using emotional Stroop task, preclinical subjects did not show significant difference with normal control. 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Function of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescents with Peer Verbal Abuse History

Lee

Choi

Lee

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectivePrevious studies showing the association of exposure to peer (PeVA) and parental verbal abuse in childhood with structural alterations in the young adult brain suggest functional changes in adolescence. In this functional MRI study, we investigated the effects of exposure to PeVA, during elementary and middle school periods, on brain response to emotional words, in high school students.MethodsAn emotional Stroop task consisting of swear, negative, positive, and neutral words was performed during functional MRI scan for 23 subjects who were divided into low- and high exposure groups to PeVA.ResultsHigh-PeVA group had a higher depression score, greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity, and higher left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity in swear word conditions. The VLPFC activity and left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity was negatively related to the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively.ConclusionThese preliminary findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PeVA, during childhood, is an aversive stimulus associated with meaningful functional change in emotional regulation network, showing hypersensitivity to swear words, at middle adolescence.

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Attentional Biases and Vulnerability to Depression

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Is There a Valence-Specific Pattern in Emotional Conflict in Major Depressive Disorder? An Exploratory Psychological Study

Is There a Valence-Specific Pattern in Emotional Conflict in Major Depressive Disorder? An Exploratory Psychological Study

Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other’s pain: Evidences from an ERP study

Altered Function of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescents with Peer Verbal Abuse History

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