Attentional Control and Working Memory Capacity

Meier, Matt E.; Kane, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/9781118920497.ch3

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Cognitive control relies upon the active maintenance of neural activity associated with the internal representation of goals and task-related rules or contingencies ( 11 – 13 ). However, it is a complex construct that likely includes multiple component processes, some of these processes overlap with those of other executive functions (e.g., working memory), and it contributes to performance on various high level cognitive tasks, including those representing domains such as attention, memory, and language ( 8 – 10 , 14 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Control following Traumatic Brain Injury

Scheibel

2017

Front. Neurol.

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Novel and non-routine tasks often require information processing and behavior to adapt from moment to moment depending on task requirements and current performance. This ability to adapt is an executive function that is referred to as cognitive control. Patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been reported to exhibit impairments in cognitive control and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided evidence for TBI-related alterations in brain activation using various fMRI cognitive control paradigms. There is some support for greater and more extensive cognitive control-related brain activation in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, relative to comparison subjects without TBI. In addition, some studies have reported a correlation between these activation increases and measures of injury severity. Explanations that have been proposed for increased activation within structures that are thought to be directly involved in cognitive control, as well as the extension of this over-activation into other brain structures, have included compensatory mechanisms, increased demand upon normal processes required to maintain adequate performance, less efficient utilization of neural resources, and greater vulnerability to cognitive fatigue. Recent findings are also consistent with the possibility that activation increases within some structures, such as the posterior cingulate gyrus, may reflect a failure to deactivate components of the default mode network (DMN) and that some cognitive control impairment may result from ineffective coordination between the DMN and components of the salience network. Functional neuroimaging studies examining cognitive control-related activation following mild TBI (mTBI) have yielded more variable results, with reports of increases, decreases, and no significant change. These discrepancies may reflect differences among the various mTBI samples under study, recovery of function in some patients, different task characteristics, and the presence of comorbid conditions such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder that also alter brain activation. There may be mTBI populations with activation changes that overlap with those found following more severe injuries, including symptomatic mTBI patients and those with acute injuries, but future research to address such dysfunction will require well-defined samples with adequate controls for injury characteristics, comorbid disorders, and severity of post-concussive symptoms.

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confidence: 99%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Control following Traumatic Brain Injury

Scheibel

2017

Front. Neurol.

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“…references [61,62]). It follows from this that effective dual-target search will typically involve more WMC (even in searches which require long-term memory storage [63], WM is still needed for encoding, retrieving and maintaining templates [64]).…”

Section: Working Memory Capacity and Attentional Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eye Movements to Understand how Security Screeners Search for Threats in X-Ray Baggage

Donnelly

Muhl-Richardson

Godwin

et al. 2019

Vision

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There has been an increasing drive to understand failures in searches for weapons and explosives in X-ray baggage screening. Tracking eye movements during the search has produced new insights into the guidance of attention during the search, and the identification of targets once they are fixated. Here, we review the eye-movement literature that has emerged on this front over the last fifteen years, including a discussion of the problems that real-world searchers face when trying to detect targets that could do serious harm to people and infrastructure.

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“…Individual differences in working memory capacity are known to predict various cognitive abilities, including gF (Unsworth et al, 2014), reading comprehension (Turner & Engle, 1989) and complex real-world tasks (Draheim et al, 2022). One proposal for this relationship has been that working memory capacity measures appear to largely reflect variations in the efficacy of exerting attention control (Meier & Kane, 2017;Shipstead et al, 2014;Unsworth et al, 2014). While there is still ongoing debate about whether measures of working memory capacity and measures of attention control (WMAC) reflect a single or separable factors, measurements of both are strong predictors of ability across many cognitive domains.…”

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Working Memory and Attentional Control Abilities Predict Individual Differences in Visual Long-Term Memory Tasks

Zhao,

Vogel

2024

Preprint

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Working memory abilities predict various cognitive abilities, such as gF and source memory, suggesting that these cognitive processes relied on working memory and attentional control resources. When attentional resources were occupied by a secondary task, previous research showed that source memory performance was less impaired than recognition memory, implying that working memory abilities would not influence, or at least exerted much less influence on recognition memory performance than source memory performance. Here, we directly tested if working memory and attentional control differences predict visual recognition memory performance across four experiments (n = 841 in total). Surprisingly, we found that working memory and attentional control predicted source nearly always predicted recognition memory performance as robust as source memory (Exp 1, 3 and 4), except when rapid presentation rate overflowed working memory capacities (Exp 2), refuting our earlier hypothesis. Additionally, source memory and recognition memory, despite of different presentation rates across experiments, remained highly correlated across individuals. Our findings suggested that visual long-term memory generally required working memory and attentional control resources.

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Attentional Control and Working Memory Capacity

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Control following Traumatic Brain Injury

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cognitive Control following Traumatic Brain Injury

Using Eye Movements to Understand how Security Screeners Search for Threats in X-Ray Baggage

Working Memory and Attentional Control Abilities Predict Individual Differences in Visual Long-Term Memory Tasks

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