Attentional Factors in Conceptual Congruency

Santiago, Julio; Ouellet, Marc; Román, Antonio; Valenzuela, Javier

doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01240.x

Cited by 42 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Results consistent with the 'up = good' metaphor have also been observed with sentences (Marmolejo-Ramos, Montoro, Elosúa, Contreras & Jiménez-Jiménez, 2014), pictures and faces (Crawford, Margolies, Drake & Murphy, 2006), and even auditory tones (Weger, Meier, Robinson & Inhoff, 2007). They also occur in a variety of different tasks, including online processing tasks (Meier & Robinson, 2004;Santiago, Ouellet, Román & Valenzuela, 2012), memory tasks (Brunyé, Gardony, Mahoney & Taylor, 2012;Casasanto & Dijkstra, 2010;Crawford et al, 2006), and tasks requiring vertical movements (Casasanto & Dijkstra, 2010;Dudschig, de la Vega & Kaup, 2014;Freddi, Cretenet & Dru, 2013;Koch, Glawe & Holt, 2011). People from different ages and cultures show this mapping, which led Tversky, Kugelmass and Winter (1991) to suggest that it is a universal character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Contrasting vertical and horizontal representations of affect in emotional visual search

Damjanovic

Santiago

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

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Independent lines of evidence suggest that the representation of emotional evaluation recruits both vertical and horizontal spatial mappings. These two spatial mappings differ in their experiential origins and their productivity, and available data suggest that they differ in their saliency. Yet, no study has so far compared their relative strength in an attentional orienting reaction time task that affords the simultaneous manifestation of both types of mapping. Here, we investigated this question using a visual search task with emotional faces. We presented angry and happy face targets and neutral distracter faces in top, bottom, left, and right locations on the computer screen. Conceptual congruency effects were observed along the vertical dimension supporting the 'up = good' metaphor, but not along the horizontal dimension. This asymmetrical processing pattern was observed when faces were presented in a cropped (Experiment 1) and whole (Experiment 2) format. These findings suggest that the 'up = good' metaphor is more salient and readily activated than the 'right = good' metaphor, and that the former outcompetes the latter when the task context affords the simultaneous activation of both mappings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Contrasting vertical and horizontal representations of affect in emotional visual search

Damjanovic

Santiago

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…Here, an upper presentation location speeds up positive valence judgments and a lower presentation location speeds up negative valence judgments (Meier and Robinson 2004). Santiago et al (2012) employed several attentional cueing manipulations and showed that the occurrence of the spatial-valence congruency effect depends on these attentional factors. Specifically, when attention was oriented toward either the word location or the valence of the words, a congruency effect emerged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Further support for an influence of mediating factors on conceptual interactions comes from a study investigating the spatial-valence congruency effect by Santiago et al (2012). The spatial-valence congruency effect arises when affective valence words are presented in vertical space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the mental time-line: effects of modality and processing mode

Rolke

Fernández²,

Schmid

et al. 2013

Cogn Process

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The notion of a mental time-line (i.e., past corresponds to left and future corresponds to right) supports the conceptual metaphor view assuming that abstract concepts like ''time'' are grounded in cognitively more accessible concepts like ''space.'' In five experiments, we further investigated the relationship between temporal and spatial representations and examined whether or not the spatial correspondents of time are unintentionally activated. We employed a priming paradigm, in which visual or auditory prime words (i.e., temporal adverbs such as yesterday, tomorrow) preceded a colored square. In all experiments, participants discriminated the color of this square by responding with the left or the right hand. Although the temporal reference of the priming adverb was task irrelevant in Experiment 1, visually presented primes facilitated responses to the square in correspondence with the direction of the mental time-line. This priming effect was absent in Experiments 2, 3, and 5, in which the primes were presented auditorily and the temporal reference of the words could be ignored. The effect, however, emerged when attention was oriented to the temporal content of the auditory prime words in Experiment 4. The results suggest that task demands differentially modulate the activation of the mental time-line within the visual and auditory modality and support a flexible association between conceptual codes.

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“…Perhaps because creating mental models is intrinsically effortful, mental models are constrained to be as internally coherent and simple as possible, given the requirements of the task at hand. We have proposed elsewhere that this characteristic of mental models is central to accounting for the flexibility of conceptual congruency effects in a wide variety of tasks (Santiago, Ouellet, Román, & Valenzuela, 2012;Santiago et al, 2011). If we assume that both the spatial representation of the input sentence and the mental model of its contents are parts of a superordinate mental model of the whole situation, both entities will tend to unfold in the same direction, because this will increase the internal coherence of the superordinate model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial biases in understanding descriptions of static scenes: the role of reading and writing direction

2013

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Prior studies on reasoning tasks have shown lateral spatial biases on mental model construction, which converge with known spatial biases in the mental representation of number, time, and events. The latter have been shown to be related to habitual reading and writing direction. The present study bridges and extends both research strands by looking at the processes of mental model construction in language comprehension and examining how they are influenced by reading and writing direction. Sentences like "the table is between the lamp and the TV" were auditorily presented to groups of mono-and bidirectional readers in languages with left-to-right or right-to-left scripts, and participants were asked to draw the described scene. There was a clear preference for deploying the lateral objects in the direction marked by the script of the input language and some hints of a much smaller effect of the degree of practice with the script. These lateral biases occurred in the context of universal strategies for working memory management.

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Attentional Factors in Conceptual Congruency

Cited by 42 publications

References 91 publications

Contrasting vertical and horizontal representations of affect in emotional visual search

Contrasting vertical and horizontal representations of affect in emotional visual search

Priming the mental time-line: effects of modality and processing mode

Spatial biases in understanding descriptions of static scenes: the role of reading and writing direction

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