Attentional resource allocation among individuals with different fluid intelligence: The integrated control hypothesis and its evidence from pupillometry

Lu, Rengui; Bao, Naili; Zhang, Xingli; Shi, Jiannong

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108190

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the neural efficiency hypothesis and cognitive resource hypothesis are not essentially contradictory, but are a continuous process reflecting the efficient and flexible processing of information by the brain. Existing studies indicate that the resource allocation strategies (i.e., either people allocate more resources or fewer resources to task performance) can be modulated, such as by the type and difficulty of a task (Lee et al, 2015; Lu et al, 2022). High-ability individuals do not have a fixed pattern to solve a problem; instead, they are more flexible and efficient by changing processing strategies according to task demands (Kang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-ability individuals do not have a fixed pattern to solve a problem; instead, they are more flexible and efficient by changing processing strategies according to task demands (Kang et al, 2017). Consequently, high-ability people allocate more resources if extra resources are required to complete the task, or else they use fewer resources to complete the task (Lee et al, 2015; Lu et al, 2022). Returning to our result, high-critical thinkers are likely to depend on the capacity to regulate their mental activity better according to changes of task demands, enabling flexible and rapid adaptation to change requirements, compared to low-critical thinkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Event-related potentials of belief-bias reasoning predict critical thinking.

Lv,

Jia,

Brinthaupt

et al. 2024

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Despite the recognized importance of addressing belief bias in critical thinking, little is known about the neural activity underlying belief-bias reasoning and its connection to critical thinking. The study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the neural responses during belief-bias reasoning and explored the extent to which these ERPs explained individual differences in critical thinking. A sample of university students (N = 72) participated in a belief-bias syllogistic reasoning task while their electroencephalographic data were recorded. The task manipulated conflicts between belief and logic within each syllogism. Additionally, participants completed established tests to assess their critical thinking. Our findings revealed that participants with high levels of critical thinking exhibited larger amplitudes of the P600 and late positive component (LPC), indicating enhanced syntactic analysis and relation integration. Moreover, those with high levels of critical thinking displayed smaller N400 amplitudes, suggesting reduced reliance on automatic semantic processing. Notably, participants, especially those with high levels of critical thinking, demonstrated larger late negative component (LNC) amplitudes in response to incongruent syllogisms than to congruent syllogisms, highlighting their heightened capacity to address conflicts between belief and logic. Furthermore, regression analyses indicated that critical thinking relied on both addressing conflicts between belief and logic, as indexed by the LNC, and generating conclusions, as indexed by the P3 components (including both P600 and LPC). These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of critical thinking by shedding light on the neural processes associated with unbiased reasoning and metacognition, as well as offer implications for assessing critical thinking. Educational Impact and Implications StatementWe discovered that individuals who possess advanced critical thinking skills demonstrate greater brain activity measured by the P600, and late positive component, while exhibiting smaller N400 amplitudes compared to those with lower-level critical thinking skills. Moreover, variations in critical thinking among individuals can be predicted by the late negative component that reflects the resolution of conflicts between belief and logic during syllogistic reasoning, as well as the P3 components that indicate the generation of logical conclusions. These findings suggest that the electroencephalogram signals associated with solving belief-bias reasoning problems are significant indicators of critical thinking. This discovery offers valuable insights into identifying the neurophysiological markers of critical thinking, potentially leading to the creation of more objective and reliable assessment tools for intervention programs aimed at cultivating critical thinking skills.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related potentials of belief-bias reasoning predict critical thinking.

Lv,

Jia,

Brinthaupt

et al. 2024

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Aperiodic and oscillatory systems underpinning human domain-general cognition

Lu,

Dermody,

Duncan

et al. 2024

Commun Biol

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Domain-general cognitive systems are essential for adaptive human behaviour, supporting various cognitive tasks through flexible neural mechanisms. While fMRI studies link frontoparietal network activation to increasing demands across various tasks, the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying this domain-general response to demand remain unclear. Here, we used MEG/EEG, and separated the aperiodic and oscillatory components of the signals to examine their roles in domain-general cognition across three cognitive tasks using multivariate analysis. We found that both aperiodic (broadband power, slope, and intercept) and oscillatory (theta, alpha, and beta power) components coded task demand and content across all subtasks. Aperiodic broadband power in particular strongly coded task demand, in a manner that generalised across all subtasks. Source estimation suggested that increasing cognitive demand decreased aperiodic broadband power across the brain, with the strongest modulations overlapping with the frontoparietal network. In contrast, oscillatory activity showed more localised patterns of modulation, primarily in frontal or occipital regions. These results provide insights into the electrophysiological underpinnings of human domain-general cognition, highlighting the critical role of aperiodic broadband power.

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Aperiodic and oscillatory systems underpinning human domain-general cognition

Lu,

Dermody,

Duncan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Domain-general cognitive systems are essential for adaptive human behaviour, supporting various cognitive tasks through flexible neural mechanisms. From decades of fMRI studies, we know that a particular network of frontoparietal brain regions plays a role in supporting many different kinds of cognitive activity, with increased activity and information coding in response to increasing task demands. However, it is not clear whether there is a corresponding domain-general electrophysiological response to demand, such as a change in aperiodic or oscillatory power. Here we used irregular-resampling auto-spectral analysis (IRASA) to separate the aperiodic and oscillatory components of MEG/EEG signals, and analysed them with multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to investigate their roles in domain-general cognition. We found that both aperiodic (broadband power, slope, and intercept) and oscillatory (theta, alpha, and beta power) components coded both task demand and content across three cognitive tasks. Aperiodic broadband power in particular strongly coded task demand, in a manner that generalised across all subtasks, suggesting that modulation of aperiodic broadband power may reflect a domain-general response to multiple sorts of cognitive demand. Source estimation suggested that increasing cognitive demand decreased aperiodic activity across most of the brain, with the strongest modulations partially overlapping with the frontoparietal multiple-demand network. In contrast, oscillatory activity in the theta, alpha and beta bands showed more localised patterns of modulation, primarily in frontal (beta, theta) or occipital (alpha, theta) regions. The spatial pattern of demand-related modulation was significantly correlated across space in individuals, with positive correlations between theta and beta power, while both were negatively correlated with alpha power. These results provide novel insights into the electrophysiological underpinnings of human domain-general cognition, suggesting roles for both aperiodic and oscillatory systems, with changes in aperiodic broadband power being the clearest domain-general electrophysiological correlate of demanding cognitive activity.

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Attentional resource allocation among individuals with different fluid intelligence: The integrated control hypothesis and its evidence from pupillometry

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

Event-related potentials of belief-bias reasoning predict critical thinking.

Event-related potentials of belief-bias reasoning predict critical thinking.

Aperiodic and oscillatory systems underpinning human domain-general cognition

Aperiodic and oscillatory systems underpinning human domain-general cognition

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