Attentional tuning of valent word forms

Gibbons, Henning; Kirsten, Hannah; Seib-Pfeifer, Laura-Effi

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.12.005

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Another intriguing idea is that selective attention might not only induce a more in-depth evaluation of affect at relatively late components reflecting more controlled, higher-level processes, but could also impact the processing of affective stimuli at early stages (Gibbons et al, 2023). Unlike affective categorization where attention is divided between several levels of emotion (e.g., fearful, neutral, and happy), expression detection induces selective attention to only one target 2 expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of selective attention to specific emotions on the processing of faces as revealed by event‐related brain potentials

Schmuck,

Schnuerch,

Kirsten

et al. 2023

Psychophysiology

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Event‐related potential studies using affective words have indicated that selective attention to valence can increase affective discrimination at early perceptual stages. This effect most likely relies on neural associations between perceptual features of a stimulus and its affective value. Similar to words, emotional expressions in human faces are linked to specific visual elements. Therefore, selectively attending to a given emotion should allow for the preactivation of neural networks coding for the emotion and associated first‐order visual elements, leading to enhanced early processing of faces expressing the attended emotion. To investigate this, we employed an expression detection task (N = 65). Fearful, happy, and neutral faces were randomly presented in three blocks while participants were instructed to respond only to one predefined target level of expression in each block. Reaction times were the fastest for happy target faces, which was accompanied by an increased occipital P1 for happy compared with fearful faces. The N170 yielded an arousal effect (emotional > neutral) while both components were not modulated by target status. In contrast, the early posterior negativity (EPN) arousal effect tended to be larger for target compared with nontarget faces. The late positive potential (LPP) revealed large effects of status and expression as well as an interaction driven by an increased LPP specifically for nontarget fearful faces. These findings tentatively indicate that selective attention to facial affect may enhance early emotional processing (EPN) even though further research is needed. Moreover, late controlled processing of facial emotions appears to involve a negativity bias.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of selective attention to specific emotions on the processing of faces as revealed by event‐related brain potentials

Schmuck,

Schnuerch,

Kirsten

et al. 2023

Psychophysiology

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“…For the N1, more frequently larger N1 amplitudes for negative words are observed (Hofmann et al 2009;Kissler and Herbert 2013b;Zhang et al 2014;Fraga et al 2021). Nevertheless, other studies found effects of word frequency (larger N1 in high-frequent negative words, smaller N1 in low-frequent words Scott et al 2009) or target status (larger N1 in target-relevant negative words, smaller N1 in non-target words Gibbons et al 2023), or the absence of effects (e.g., see Herbert et al 2006Herbert et al , 2008Schindler et al 2018;Kuchinke and Mueller 2019). A further ERP component is the P2, which is only reported in some studies with highly variable effects, with no significant effects for negative words in some studies (Kanske and Kotz 2007;Carretié et al 2008) but increased P2 amplitudes for negative words in other studies (González-Villar et al 2014;Wang et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For the P1, some studies find larger amplitudes for negative compared to neutral words (Zhang et al 2014;Keuper et al 2014; only in males: Sass et al 2010), while other studies report a decreased P1 amplitudes for negative compared to neutral words (Gibbons et al 2023; only in high-frequent words: Scott et al 2009), and most studies do not find statistical differences (Herbert et al 2008;Frühholz et al 2011;Palazova et al 2011;Bayer et al 2012aBayer et al , 2012bSchindler et al 2018;Kuchinke and Mueller 2019;Wang et al 2019). For the N1, more frequently larger N1 amplitudes for negative words are observed (Hofmann et al 2009;Kissler and Herbert 2013b;Zhang et al 2014;Fraga et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Hofmann et al 2009;Scott et al 2009;Sass et al 2010;Bayer et al 2012bBayer et al , 2012aKeuper et al 2013Keuper et al , 2014Kissler and Herbert 2013b;González-Villar et al 2014;Zhang et al 2014;Schindler et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;Gibbons et al 2023). The conflicting emotion effects across studies may be due to a combination of specific stimuli, task parameters, more variable effects in smaller samples, or individual differences (e.g., differences in morphosyntactic processing, seeFraga et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dissociating different temporal stages of emotional word processing by feature- based attention

Schindler,

Vormbrock,

Helming

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Negative emotional content is prioritized across different stages of information processing as reflected by different components of the event-related potential (ERPs). In this preregistered study (N = 40), we investigated how varying the attentional focus allows us to dissociate the involvement of specific ERP components in the processing of negative and neutral words. Participants had to discriminate the orientation of lines overlaid onto the words, the word type (adjective/noun), or the emotional content (negative/neutral). Thus, attention was either not focused on words (distraction task), non-emotional aspects, or the emotional relevance of words. Regardless of the task, there were no significant differences between negative and neutral words for the P1, N1, or P2 components. In contrast, interactions between emotion and task were observed for the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and Late Positive Potential (LPP). EPN differences were absent during the distraction task but were present in the other two tasks. LPP emotion differences were found only when attention was directed to the emotional content of words. Our study adds to the evidence that early ERP components do not reliably separate negative and neutral words. However, results show that mid-latency and late stages of emotion processing are separable by different attention tasks. The EPN represents a stage of attentional enhancement of negative words given sufficient attentional resources. Differential activations during the LPP stage are associated with more elaborative processing of emotional meaning of words.

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“…Nonetheless, other research has discovered that early neural responses to emotional information can interact with attention. For example, Gibbons et al [9] tested the valence effect of emotional adjectives and found that there were differences in the P1 component. Specifically, emotional target words elicited a larger P1 component than emotional nontarget words.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of selective attention in Chinese emotional word processing: evidence from event-related potentials

Gao

Sui

2023

NeuroReport

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ConclusionThe findings suggest that emotional nontarget words received greater attentional resources in the attend-emotion words block during the early stages of processing, compared to the attend-neutral word block. Additionally, during the later stages of processing, negative nontarget words were more likely to be processed than positive nontarget words. Overall, these results provide support for the evaluation space model.

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Attentional tuning of valent word forms

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

The influence of selective attention to specific emotions on the processing of faces as revealed by event‐related brain potentials

The influence of selective attention to specific emotions on the processing of faces as revealed by event‐related brain potentials

Dissociating different temporal stages of emotional word processing by feature- based attention

The role of selective attention in Chinese emotional word processing: evidence from event-related potentials

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