Attenuated Heart Rate Responses to Public Speaking in Individuals With Alcohol Dependence

Panknin, Tera L.; Dickensheets, Stacey L.; Nixon, Sara Jo; Lovallo, William R.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02613.x

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, our findings are very much in line with those from previous research showing that smokers are characterised by relatively blunted cardiovascular (Girdler et al, 1997;Phillips et al, 2009;Roy et al, 1994;Sheffield et al, 1997;Straneva et al, 2000) and cortisol (al'Absi et al, 2003;Kirschbaum et al, 1993Kirschbaum et al, , 1994Rohleder and Kirschbaum, 2006) reactivity. They also resonate with the findings from studies linking alcoholism (Lovallo et al, 2000;Panknin et al, 2002) and risk of alcohol dependence (Sorocco et al, 2006) with blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity. The present results also offer further challenge to the assumption that low stress reactivity is necessarily benign (Carroll et al, 2009, in press).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Preliminary evidence that exercise dependence is associated with blunted cardiac and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress

Heaney

Ginty

Carroll

et al. 2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Those addicted to alcohol have also been found to exhibit blunted cardiovascular and cortisol stress reactivity (Lovallo et al, 2000;Panknin et al, 2002). In addition, relatively low reactivity would appear to be a characteristic of non alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence that exercise dependence is associated with blunted cardiac and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress

Heaney

Ginty

Carroll

et al. 2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…The normal diurnal pattern suggested intact HPA function, while the patients' stress cortisol hyporesponsiveness may have reflected a difference in stressrelated neural inputs to the hypothalamus that are needed for a psychological stress reaction. In parallel with these HPA findings, we observed that the same patients had an attenuated heart rate response to public speaking stress, although their reflex heart rate and blood pressure changes to orthostatic stress were normal (Panknin et al, 2002). These HPA and cardiovascular findings are in agreement that the abstinent alcohol and polysubstance abusing patients had normal homeostatic regulation of visceral function, but that the neurological response to psychological stress was blunted.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Blunted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis responsivity to stress in persons with a family history of alcoholism

Sorocco

Lovallo

Vincent

et al. 2006

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Abstinent alcoholics show a blunted stress cortisol response that may be a consequence of drinking or a preexisting risk marker. We tested cortisol responses to psychological stress in 186 18-30 year-old, healthy social drinkers having no personal history of alcohol or drug dependence, 91 of whom had one or two alcoholic parents (FH+) and 95 having no family alcoholism for two generations (FH-). We predicted that, similar to alcoholic patients, the FH+ would have reduced stress cortisol responses that would be partially determined by their temperament characteristics, specifically antisocial tendencies as measured by the California Psychological Inventory. On a stress day, subjects performed continuous simulated public speaking and mental arithmetic tasks for 45 min, and on a control day they sat and rested for the same time period. The FH+ who were low in sociability had smaller cortisol responses than FH-, high-sociability persons (t=2.27, p=.02). These two groups were not different in diurnal cortisol secretion patterns or affective responses to the stressors. Persons with a familial risk for alcoholism who have more antisocial tendencies may have altered central nervous system responses to emotionally relevant social challenges. Disrupted cortisol stress responses may serve as a risk marker for the development of substance use disorders.

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“…28 In contrast, one other study found that alcohol-dependent patients show a blunted blood pressure response to public speaking stress, although this alteration was thought be caused by a blunted perception of the social threat at the level of the central nervous system. 29 In the present study, no differential change in blood pressure was found in the 2 groups, with alcoholic subjects and controls showing similar increases of blood pressure in response to sleep loss. However, to allow for comparison of the effects of alcohol dependence on cardiovascular responses without the confounding effects of hypertensive medications, this study excluded alcoholic subjects who were currently being treated for hypertension.…”

Section: Irwin and Ziegler Sleep Deprivation And Sympathetic Activaticontrasting

confidence: 57%

Sleep Deprivation Potentiates Activation of Cardiovascular and Catecholamine Responses in Abstinent Alcoholics

Irwin

2005

Hypertension

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Abstract-Alcohol dependence is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias, but the triggering mechanisms are not known. Sleep loss, common in alcohol-dependent patients, causes an activation of the sympathetic nervous system. To determine whether sleep deprivation induces differential cardiovascular and sympathetic responses in alcohol dependence, we measured heart rate, blood pressure, and circulating sympathetic catecholamines in 36 abstinent alcohol-dependent men and 36 age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched controls after a baseline night of sleep, in the morning after early night partial sleep deprivation, and again after a full night of recovery sleep. Subjects were on average normotensive and none was being treated for hypertension. Baseline heart rate, blood pressure, and sympathetic catecholamines were similar in the 2 groups. Administration of partial night sleep deprivation induced greater increases of heart rate (PϽ0.01) and circulating levels of norepinephrine (PϽ0.05) and epinephrine (PϽ0.05) in the alcohol-dependent men as compared with responses in controls. Even after a full night of recovery sleep, elevations in heart rate (PϽ0.05) and circulating catecholamines (PϽ0.05) persisted in the alcoholic subjects. Partial night sleep deprivation induces elevated heart rate and sympathetic catecholamine responses in alcoholic subjects as compared with controls, and this sympathetic activation is sustained after nights of partial and recovery sleep. A lcohol dependence, which exceeds a lifetime incidence of 10%, 1 is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with alcohol-dependent men showing an increased prevalence of hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. 2,3 An increase of sympathetic nervous system activity is implicated as being one underlying mechanism of the deleterious cardiovascular effects of chronic alcohol consumption. 4 Human studies have found that acute alcohol intake induces elevations of heart rate and blood pressure via centrally mediated increases of sympathetic discharge. 5 There is also evidence that abnormalities of cardiovascular regulation persist into recovery. Abstinent alcohol-dependent male patients show exaggerated heart rate and blood pressure reactivity in response to behavioral stress, although measures of sympathetic activation have not been determined. 6 -8 In this study, we examined cardiovascular responses and circulating levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine at rest and in response to a behavioral challenge, sleep deprivation, in abstinent male alcohol-dependent patients.Experimental sleep deprivation can serve as a naturalistic probe of the homeostatic regulation of sympathetic activity. Loss of sleep induces elevations in circulating levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, 9,10 with attendant increases of blood pressure and heart rate the next day. 11,12 In addition, habitual sleep loss and insomnia are markers of subclinical heart disease and are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease risk, particularly in ma...

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Attenuated Heart Rate Responses to Public Speaking in Individuals With Alcohol Dependence

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Preliminary evidence that exercise dependence is associated with blunted cardiac and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress

Preliminary evidence that exercise dependence is associated with blunted cardiac and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress

Blunted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis responsivity to stress in persons with a family history of alcoholism

Sleep Deprivation Potentiates Activation of Cardiovascular and Catecholamine Responses in Abstinent Alcoholics

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