Attenuated Positive Psychotic Symptoms in Relation to Cigarette Smoking in a Nonclinical Population

Wolfe, Rebecca M.; Reeves, Lauren E.; Gibson, Lauren E.; Cooper, Shanna; Ellman, Lauren M.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw240

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Smoking behaviour may be a causal risk factor for psychiatric disorders based on evidence from longitudinal and dose–response associations and Mendelian randomization studies 19 , 21 , 23 , 33 , 34 . Uncertainty remains over whether smoking may be causally linked to psychotic experiences prior to the onset of psychiatric conditions or in individuals who may not meet diagnostic thresholds: The association between psychotic experiences and smoking is not fully explained by known confounding factors 9 , 35 – 39 , (but see 35 ) and a dose–response relationship has been reported 9 , 40 although not consistently 35 , 38 . Furthermore, most longitudinal studies report an association between smoking and later reports of psychotic experiences 10 , 41 – 43 while adolescents do not appear to start smoking to alleviate pre-existing psychotic experiences 41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Barkhuizen

Dudbridge

Ronald

2021

Sci Rep

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Cigarette smoking is a modifiable behaviour associated with mental health. We investigated the degree of genetic overlap between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders, and whether genetic associations exist beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Second, we investigated the presence of causal associations between smoking initiation and psychiatric traits and disorders. We found significant genetic correlations between smoking and psychiatric disorders and adult psychotic experiences. When genetic influences on known covariates were controlled for, genetic associations between most smoking behaviours and schizophrenia and depression endured (but not with bipolar disorder or most psychotic experiences). Mendelian randomization results supported a causal role of smoking initiation on psychiatric disorders and adolescent cognitive and negative psychotic experiences, although not consistently across all sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, smoking and psychiatric disorders share genetic influences that cannot be attributed to covariates such as risk-taking, insomnia or other substance use. As such, there may be some common genetic pathways underlying smoking and psychiatric disorders. In addition, smoking may play a causal role in vulnerability for mental illness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Barkhuizen

Dudbridge

Ronald

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Smoking behaviour may also be causally linked to PE. The association between PE and smoking is not fully explained by known confounding factors (9,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), but see 33) and a dose-response relationship has been reported (9,38) although not consistently (33,36). Most longitudinal studies report an association between smoking behaviour and later reports of PE (10,(39)(40)(41) while evidence does not support the idea that adolescents start to smoke to alleviate pre-existing PE (39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders in adolescents and adults

Barkhuizen

Dudbridge

Ronald

2020

Preprint

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Background: Epidemiological research shows that smoking is associated with psychiatric disorders and psychotic experiences, even after controlling for confounds such as cannabis use and sleep problems. We investigated degree of genetic overlap and tested for causal associations between smoking and psychiatric traits and disorders using genetic data. We tested whether genetic associations existed beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables.Methods: Genetic correlations were estimated with LD-score regression between smoking behaviours (N=262,990-632,802) and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression; N=41,653-173,005), psychotic experiences in adolescents (N=6,297-10,098) and adults (N=116,787-117,794) and adult schizotypy (N=3,967-4,057). Genomic Structural Equation Modelling was performed to explore the associations while accounting for genetic influences of confounders (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Causal associations were tested using Generalized Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (GSMR).Results: Significant genetic correlations were found between smoking and psychiatric disorders (rg = .10 -.38) and adult PE (rg = .33 -.40). After accounting for covarying genetic influences, genetic associations between most smoking phenotypes and schizophrenia and depression remained but not between smoking behaviours and bipolar disorder or most psychotic experiences. GSMR results supported a causal role of smoking initiation on psychiatric disorders and adolescent cognitive and negative psychotic experiences. Conclusions: Pleiotropy between smoking behaviours and schizophrenia and depressionexists beyond the common genetic basis of known confounders. Smoking also appears to be causally associated with psychiatric disorders and with cognitive PEs and negative symptoms during adolescence. Exploration of the biological links underlying smoking and psychiatric illness would be well-justified.

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Psychosis risk screening in different populations using the Prodromal Questionnaire: A systematic review

Savill

D'Ambrosio

Cannon

et al. 2017

Early Intervention Psych

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Aim: Diagnosing individuals at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis can improve early access to treatment, and a two-stage model utilizing self-report screening followed by a clinical interview can be accurate and efficient. However, it is currently unclear which screening cut-offs to adopt with different populations.Methods: A systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies evaluating the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) as a preliminary screener for UHR and psychosis was conducted to examine screening effectiveness in different contexts. MedLine, PsycInfo, SCOPUS and ProQuest Dissertations and Abstracts databases were electronically searched, along with a review screen and citation search of key papers. Findings were summarized in a narrative synthesis.Results: In total, 14 diagnostic accuracy studies and 45 studies using the PQ as a screening tool for UHR and psychosis were included. In all settings, the 3 different versions of the PQ were all found to accurately identify UHR and full psychosis. Higher cut-off points were required in non-help-seeking samples, relative to general help-seeking populations, which in turn were higher than those needed in samples highly enriched with UHR participants. Conclusion:The findings support the use of the PQ as a preliminary screening tool for UHR in different settings; however, higher thresholds in lower UHR-prevalence populations are necessary to minimize false positives. Including the distress criteria, rather than just number of symptoms, may improve screening effectiveness. Different thresholds may be appropriate in different contexts depending on the importance of sensitivity vs specificity. Protocol registration: CRD42016033004.

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Attenuated Positive Psychotic Symptoms in Relation to Cigarette Smoking in a Nonclinical Population

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders in adolescents and adults

Psychosis risk screening in different populations using the Prodromal Questionnaire: A systematic review

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