Attenuated Rubella Viruses

Hm, Meyer; Pd, Parkman; Te, Hobbins; He, Larson; Wj, Davis; Jp, Simsarian; He, Hopps

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1969.02100040157001

Cited by 63 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The following rubella outbreak in Europe and the United States of America added other symptoms to the known ones, including: hepatitis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, encephalitis, mental retardation and several other anomalies [6]. The urgent need to find a rubella vaccine was met in 1970 when the live attenuated vaccine became available in Europe and North America [7][8][9]. Rubella virus (RV) is the only member of the Rubivirus genus within the Togaviridae family and was first observed in 1967 revealing a pleomorphic nucleocapsid core enveloped with a host-derived lipid membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Seroprevalence Boost in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Florence (Italy) as a Preventive Strategy for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)

et al. 2020

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Background: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine since the 1970s, rubella disease and, importantly, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) remain a public health concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the rubella seroprevalence in the children population of the province of Florence and compare the obtained results to a previous survey conducted in 2005–2006. Methods: A qualitative measurement of anti-rubella antibodies was performed on 165 sera using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The anamnestic and vaccination status was also collected. Results: Our study highlighted a very high rubella seroprevalence (85–100%) in our enrolled population. In the vaccinated group (153/165), 98.7% of them were positive to rubella antibodies. Conclusions: Our study showed the highest seroprevalence rate reached in the province of Florence for rubella in the last 15 years, thanks to the several successful vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region. Our findings in pediatric and adolescent subjects are a key factor in preventing CRS in adult life, specifically in childbearing women. Thus, the set goal will be to keep the awareness about the vaccination for this preventable disease high.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Seroprevalence Boost in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Florence (Italy) as a Preventive Strategy for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)

et al. 2020

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Rubella Vaccine Comparative Study

Abrutyn¹,

Herrmann²,

Karchmer³

et al. 1970

Am J Dis Child

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In this placebo controlled trial of rubella vaccines administered randomly to fi rst\x=req-\ grade children in Memphis, 100% of 206 susceptible HPV-77 DK 12 recipients, 92% of 214 susceptible HPV-77 DE 5 recipients, and 87% of 213 susceptible HPV-80 recipients developed rubella hemagglutination\x=req-\ inhibition (HI) titers of \ m=ge\1:10 within seven weeks after vaccination (September 1968). The geometric mean titers (GMT) of respondents to HPV-77 DK 12, HPV-77 DE 5, and HPV-80 were 1:183, 1:108, and 1:124,

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Artificial Challenge Studies in Rubella

Naficy¹

1970

Am J Dis Child

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Twelve children vaccinated with RA 27/3 vaccine showed no significant change of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer for ten months. They were challenged with unattenuated rubella virus. Booster responses occurred in two children and virus was not isolated from blood or pharyngeal specimens of 11 demonstrating seroconversion after vaccination. Virus was isolated from one who failed to convert after receiving RA 27/3. All remained symptomless during 28 days of observation. Four naturally acquired seropositive children challenged with unattenuated virus did not show signs or symptoms of rubella. Two exhibited a booster response after challenge. Fourteen of 22 rubella seronegative children demonstrated seroconversion after intranasal administration of challenge virus. All developed retroauricular and/or post \ x=req-\ occipital lymph node enlargement with a mean onset and duration of 9 and 13 days, respectively. Typical rubella rash occurred only in six children, and rubella virus was isolated from throat swab specimens of ten, with a highest rate of isolation on days 16 and 18 after challenge. Viremia was demonstrated only in five, all but one of whom also had a positive isolation from pharyngeal specimens.

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Attenuated Rubella Viruses

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

Rubella Seroprevalence Boost in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Florence (Italy) as a Preventive Strategy for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)

Rubella Seroprevalence Boost in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population of Florence (Italy) as a Preventive Strategy for Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)

Rubella Vaccine Comparative Study

Artificial Challenge Studies in Rubella

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