Attenuation of baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability is linked to reduced levels of nitric oxide in pregnant women having risks of developing gestational hypertension

Dasari

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Gestational hypertension (GH) is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and pregnancy outcomes. Though yoga is known to be beneficial in pregnancy, the effects of yoga rendered for twenty weeks starting from 16th week of gestation in pregnant women having risk of GH on the incidence of hypertension, cardiometabolic risks and fetomaternal outcomes have not been studied. A randomized control trial was conducted on 234 pregnant women having risk of GH receiving standard antenatal care (Control group, n = 113), and receiving standard care + yoga (Study group, n = 121). Interventions were given for twenty weeks starting at 16th week of gestation. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), insulin resistance, lipid-risk factors, and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) were assessed before and after intervention. Incidence of new-onset hypertension, level of cardiometabolic risks at 36th week, and fetomaternal-neonatal outcomes in the perinatal period, were noted. The link of hypertension, pregnancy outcomes and cardiometabolic risks with nitric oxide (NO), the marker of VED was assessed by analysis of covariance, Pearson’s correlations, and multilinear and logistic regressions. In study group, 6.61% women developed hypertension compared to 38.1% in the control group following 20-week intervention and there was significant decrease in risk of developing GH (RR, 2.65; CI 1.42–4.95). There was less-painful delivery, decreased duration of labor, increased neonatal birthweight and Apgar score in study group. Increase in total power of HRV (β = 0.187, p = 0.024), BRS (β = 0.305, p < 0.001), and decrease in interleukin-6 (β = − 0.194, p = 0.022) had significant association with increased NO. Twenty weeks of practice of yoga during pregnancy decreases the incidence of hypertension, improves fetomaternal outcomes, and reduces cardiometabolic risks in pregnant women having risk of GH. Decreased blood pressure, increased HRV, BRS and birth weight and decreased inflammation were associated with improved endothelial function. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI), registration number: CTRI/2017/11/010608, on 23.11.2017.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of yoga on cardiometabolic risks and fetomaternal outcomes are associated with serum nitric oxide in gestational hypertension: a randomized control trial

Karthiga

Dasari

et al. 2022

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“…[36] Recently we have also reported the role of decreased NO in the development of CV risks in gestational hypertension. [37] Further, decreased brain NO synthase expression has been reported in depression. [38] Therefore, decreased NO production might possibly be among the mechanisms of depression in PIH.…”

Section: Dicussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathovagal imbalance, cardiometabolic risks and hypertension status are linked to depression in women having risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension

Habeebullah

Madhavan

et al. 2021

IJCEP

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Background and Aim: Pregnancy is a physiological state in which there are cardiovascular, autonomic, hemodynamic and psychological changes. Increase in incidence of stress and depression in antenatal period has been reported. Autonomic changes in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and its dysfunction in depression are well documented. However, there is no report of contribution of sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) and cardiometabolic alterations to stress and depression in PIH. Methods: In this case-control study, we assessed and analyzed cardiovascular autonomic functions including heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiometabolic risks (CMR) between pregnant women having risks of PIH (n=62) and normal healthy pregnant women (n=68). The perceived stress scale (PSS-10) and Quality of Life (QoL) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms and perceived stress. The HRV and CMR parameters were correlated with PSS. Multiple regression analysis was performed individually to study their association with PSS. Logistic regression was done to determine the prediction of hypertension/prehypertension status by PSS. Results: There was increase in heart rate and blood pressure, decreased HRV and increased markers of insulin resistance, atherogenic lipid profile, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction in PIH risk subjects compared to control subjects. Parameters of SVI and decreased cardiovagal modulation and CMR were significantly correlated and associated with PSS. PSS had independent prediction of prehypertension/hypertension status in the study group. Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicate that there is considerable SVI and CMR in PIH. It appears that depression is the major cause of SVI and decreased cardiovagal modulation in PIH, and retrograde inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction could be the potential mechanisms of depression mediated SVI in PIH.

Inflammation and decreased cardiovagal modulation are linked to stress and depression at 36th week of pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus

Renugasundari

Chaturvedula

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Stress and depression have been reported in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Though inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with depression, there are no reports of link of cardiometabolic risks (CMR) to stress and depression in GDM. Normal pregnant women (control group, n = 164) and women with GDM (study group, n = 176) at 36th week of gestation were recruited for the study. Blood pressure (BP), body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, were assessed. Perceived stress score (PSS), quality of life (QoL) scale, Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) and Edinburg postnatal depression score (EPDS) were assessed. Association of potential contributors to PSS and EDPS were assessed by correlation and regression analyses. There was significant increase in PSS, EPDS, IDRS scores, HbA1C, malondialdehyde (MDA) (oxidative stress marker) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (inflammatory markers), and significant decrease in total power (TP) of HRV (marker of cardiovagal modulation), QoL and nitric oxide (endothelial dysfunction marker) in study group compared to control group. Though many cardiometabolic risk parameters were correlated with PSS and EPDS, the significant independent association was observed for TP, HbA1C, MDA and interleukin-6. However, interleukin-6 had maximum contribution to PSS (β = 0.550, p < 0.001) and EPDS (β = 0.393, p < 0.001) as demonstrated by multiple regression analysis. Inflammation, oxidative stress, glycation status and decreased cardiovagal modulation are associated with stress and depression at 36th week of gestation in GDM.