Attenuation of blocking by a change in US locus

Stickney, Kenneth J.; Donahoe, John W.

doi:10.3758/bf03212308

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several authors have reported that conditioning of a stimulus will not be reduced or blocked by the presence of a pretrained CS if the outcome used for conditioning is altered in either quantity (Dickinson & Mackintosh, 1979;Holland, 1984) or quality (Holland, 1988;Stickney & Donahoe, 1983) from that used for pretraining. However, such outcome manipulations do not inevitably produce unblocking (e.g., Bakal, Johnson, & Rescorla, 1974;Ganesan & Pearce, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding of the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning

Colwill

Motzkin

1994

Animal Learning & Behavior

102

105

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding of the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning

Colwill

Motzkin

1994

Animal Learning & Behavior

102

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The aim of Experiment I was to attempt to replicate the differential blocking effects reported by Stickney and Donahoe (1983), with the inclusion ofa measure of the CER as well as conditioned eyeblink. However, it was deemed prudent to employ experimental comparisons from which it is safer to conclude that blocking has occurred than the specific comparisons employed by Stickney and Donahoe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They argued on the basis of these and other available data involving the CER that blocking will occur with a change in the US, as long as it does not involve a change in the affective properties ofthe US. To explain the aforementioned findings of Stickney and Donahoe (1983), who observed unblocking when the US was shifted from one eye to the other, they suggested that the shift may have involved an increase in the subjective intensity ofthe USthe argument being that the animals may have habituated to the US in its initial location and found the same shock in the alternate location transiently more aversive. A variant on this argument might suppose an increase in objective US intensity due to the development of electrode resistance at the pretraining site as compared with the compound training site.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to evaluate these different interpretations through a conceptual replication ofthe Stickney and Donahoe (1983) experiment with the inclusion of not only a conditioned eyeblink measure, but a CER measure on the same subjects as well. From the position espoused by Mackintosh (1983), it would be predicted that if unblocking was seen on the eyeb1ink measure, as it was by Stickney and Donahoe, it would also be seen on the CER measure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reported substantial blocking, indicated by a common CER measure involving suppression of appetitive behavior. Stickney and Donahoe (1983), analogously, pretrained an elemental CS with aversive electric shock to the area of one eye and then shifted for compound conditioning to the same shock applied to the area ofthe other eye. But they employed a conditioned eyeblink measure, and, unlike Bakal et al (1974), they found no evidence of blocking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociation of the blocking of conditioned eyeblink and conditioned fear following a shift in US locus

Betts

Brandon

Wagner

1996

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Two experiments with rabbits investigated the concordance of two measures of conditioning, eyeblink and potentiated startle, during a blocking sequence with paraorbital shock reinforcement. In both, a shift in the locus of shock from one eye to the other between the conditioning of an element and a compound of that element and a new cue had differential effects on the two measures of conditioning to the new cue. When the shock was unchanged, diminished conditioning in relation to controls (Le., blocking) was observed on both measures. When the shock was changed, little conditioning was observed in startle, but control-equivalent amounts were observed in eyeblink (i.e., blocking occurred on the former but not the latter). The results are interpreted as showing a dissociation of the associative learning involving the emotive features of Pavlovian reinforcers and that involving the remaining sensory-perceptual features, and more compatible with a diminished US-processing, than with a CSprocessing, view of blocking.

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Associative processes in differentially reared rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Blocking

Beauchamp

Gluck

Fouty

et al. 1991

Developmental Psychobiology

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Nine isolate and 6 socially reared adult rhesus monkeys were examined in a standard blocking procedure. A tone was paired with a startle stimulus (US) during Phase 1. A tone-light compound CS was paired with a US during Phase 2. In Phase 3, the light was presented alone to test for blocking. Results showed that learning about the light was blocked in social controls, but not in isolates. These data suggest isolates processed information atypically, in that they developed an association to a redundant cue. A second group of isolates (n = 3) underwent the identical procedures. However, conditioned reactions to the tone were extinguished before testing. Test responding was significantly reduced in this group, that is, blocking was obtained. These data suggest the within-compound association developed during Phase 2 mediated the isolate blocking deficit. Together, these findings imply long-term intellectual consequences of early social impoverishment. Such deficits may be mediated by alterations in central dopamine systems.

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Attenuation of blocking by a change in US locus

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Encoding of the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning

Encoding of the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlovian conditioning

Dissociation of the blocking of conditioned eyeblink and conditioned fear following a shift in US locus

Associative processes in differentially reared rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Blocking

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