Attenuation of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃

Abstract

1,25(OH)2D3 could attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats, possibly by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling.

Mechanisms of Action of Vitamin D as Supplemental Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia

“…Reports on the effect of vitamin D on the expression of TLR4 have been variable. Some studies showed that vitamin D suppresses the expression of TLR4 and thus alleviates inflammation (37)(38)(39)(40)(41), but others demonstrated that vitamin D has no effect on the expression of TLR4 (42,43) as it is normally constitutively expressed (44).…”

Vitamin D attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury through downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4

“…The number of macrophages, the surface volume of gas exchange and the volume of lung parenchyma are decreased, while the area of atelectasis is increased (17). Hyperoxia induces the production of ROS, which subsequently activates several downstream pathways, represented by the MAPK and NF-κB cascades (4,18). Therefore it causes the release and accumulation of inflammatory mediators in the alveolar space (19).…”

“…Through the production of ROS, hyperoxia regulates the expression of TLRs, and thereby activates NF-κB-related expression of inflammatory cytokines (4). TLRs are important components of the innate immunity, which can identify all types of microbial structures.…”

“…Hyperoxia has been reported to upregulate TLR4 and activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway (4,5). Antagonists of TLR4 were found to relieve apoptosis and inflammatory response in neurological diseases (6).…”

Protective effect of vitamin D against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats

“…In animal studies it was shown that with regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation vitamin D have potential effects on lung development . More recently, in animal studies it has been demonstrated that vitamin D improves lung structure after hyperoxia‐induced lung injury and intra‐amniotic endotoxin exposure . Preterm infants have risks of developing vitamin D deficiency and BPD compared with that of full‐term infants .…”