“…[110][111][112] In stroke research, ubiquitous promoters such as the non-specific cytomegalovirus (CMV) or chickenβ-actin hybrid (CAG) are expressed in most CNS cells, primarily neurons and some scattered astrocytes. 79,103,113 Various promoters can drive specific transgene expressions, such as the hSyn promoter driving neuron-specific gene expression, 53,75,76,106,114 the GFAP promoter driving astrocyte-specific expression, 44,66,73,88 the F4/80 promoter driving microglia-specific expression, 44,66,73 the CaMK2a promoter driving glutamatergic neuronal expression, 80 and the Olig2 promoter driving oligodendrocyte-specific expression. 115 Additionally, regulatory elements such as the Tie1 promoter can drive brain endothelial cell-specific expression 57,116 and the HIF-1α…”