Attenuation of rubella virus by serial passage in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures II. Experiments in animals

Huygelen, C.; Peetermans, J

doi:10.1007/bf01241736

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The virologic and serologic investigations recentIn comparison with the original parent strain, highly carried out have confirmed the potential teratogenic passage Cendehill strain was shown to produce an effect of this virus as observed by GREGG [2]. The dis-early cytopathic effect in primary rabbit kidney culcovery of several tissue culture systems for the propatures and to have lost its capacity to evoke antibodies in rabbits inoculated subcutaneously or in monkeys inoculated intranasally [3,8]. It also forms distinct plaques in RK(3 cells and induces tenfold the amount of interferon in rabbit cell cultures [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Since all attempts to produce a killed virus vaccine have been unsuccessful because of insufficient potency, research has been directed towards the development of attenuated live vaccines. Preliminary data have already been reported on rubella virus attenuated on green monkey kidney cultures [5,7], on duck embryo cells [14], on human diploid cells [11], and on primary rabbit kidney cultures [3,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last few years marked progress has been made In previous reports [3], we described the characterin the rubella problem. Since the isolation of rubella istics of a rubella virus strain (Cendehill strain), which virus by PARKMAN et al [6] and WELLER and NEVA [15], has been markedly modified in its biological properties in vitro methods for the cultivation of rubella virus and after serial passage in primary rabbit kidney cell culfor titration of specific antibodies have become avail-tures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Rubella Virus by serial Passage in Primary Rabbit Kidney Cells: III. Clinical Trials in Infants

Pan¹,

Huygelen²,

Peetermans³

et al. 1968

Pediatr Res

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ExtractHigh passage Cendehill strain of rubella virus, possessing in vivo and in vitro characteristics of an attenuated virus, was tested for efficacy in 28 seronegative infants, 3 to 23 months old. Thirteen seronegative infants received one subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of the vaccine preparation containing 10 3 -7 plaque-forming units (PFU) per ml. Fifteen seronegative infants served as controls for viral spread and were kept in intimate contact with the vaccinees for a period of 6 weeks.All thirteen vaccinees developed high levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies, from V128 to VaiMs, confirming the immunogenicity of the vaccine. No clinical reactions were observed in the vaccinees. The fifteen contacts remained seronegative, indicating that no viral spread occurred from the vaccinees to the susceptible contacts.The present clinical trial provides evidence that high-passage Cendehill strain presents characteristics of immunogenicity, nonreactogenicity and noncommunicability, making it a prospective candidate for a live attenuated rubella virus vaccine. SpeculationWhen the results of preliminary immunization trials with the attenuated Cendehill strain of rubella virus are confirmed in larger groups, this strain may meet all the criteria required for a safe and efficient immunizing agent against rubella.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Rubella Virus by serial Passage in Primary Rabbit Kidney Cells: III. Clinical Trials in Infants

Pan¹,

Huygelen²,

Peetermans³

et al. 1968

Pediatr Res

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“…Rhesus monkeys were used for the first experimental trials of rubella vaccine strains, because the pattern of virus excretion and antibody responses were similar to those observed in humans [22]. Following parenteral administration, the HPV77 strain was shown to induce neutralizing antibody responses which were comparable to those observed following administration of a low [15]. Attenuation of RA27/3 was tested by inoculating human volunteers with different passage levels of the virus [23].…”

Section: Early Vaccine Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was attenuated by 51 passages in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures, derived from a select colony of rabbits bred and reared under pathogen-free conditions, which were shown to be free of adventitious agents [13,14]. A reliable index of attenuation was the inability of the attenuated strain to induce an antibody response in rabbits [15]. The Cendehill strain has been widely used in the USA and Europe, especially for adult women, as it is less reactogenic than the HPV77 .…”

Section: Development Of Rubella Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella vaccines: past, present and future

Best

1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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The association between rubella in pregnancy and congenital anomalies was first reported 50 years ago, by N. McAlister Gregg, an Australian ophthalmologist [1]. During the next 20 years his findings were confirmed by others (reviewed in [2]). However, the first reports of the isolation of rubella virus in cell cultures and development of tests for neutralizing antibodies were not published until 1962 [3, 4]. Subsequent studies conducted in the UK and North America during a pandemic of rubella in 1963–4, were therefore able to make a more accurate estimate of the risks of maternal rubella at different stages of pregnancy. It was estimated that about 30000 rubella-damaged babies were born in the USA alone in 1963–4 [5]. This emphasized the importance of developing a vaccine to prevent infection in pregnancy and thereby, the birth of babies with rubella-induced congenital defects.

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Clinical Trials With a Live Attenuated Rubella Virus Vaccine

Pan¹,

Huygelen²,

Peetermans³

et al. 1968

Am J Dis Child

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IN VITRO and in vivo properties of the attenuated Cendehill strain of rubella virus have been described previously. This strain has been attenuated by serial propagation in primary rabbit kidney cells. It is characterized by the production of an early cytopathic effect in rabbit cultures, by the formation of distinct plaques in RK13 cells, by loss of intranasal infectivity for the monkey, and by loss of immunogenicity for the rabbit after subcutaneous inoculation.1,2 Preliminary clinical trials with the Cendehill strain at the 21st and 51st passage levels have been reported previously.3-6Although attenuated virus at the 21st passage failed to spread from vaccinated subjects to susceptible contacts, the trials with this passage level were discontinued because mild but typical symptoms of rubella were observed in one of the vaccinees.4 We report here the results of several clinical trials in children and young adults, with the high-passage level (51st) Cendehill strain.

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Attenuation of rubella virus by serial passage in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures II. Experiments in animals

Cited by 39 publications

References 6 publications

Attenuation of Rubella Virus by serial Passage in Primary Rabbit Kidney Cells: III. Clinical Trials in Infants

Attenuation of Rubella Virus by serial Passage in Primary Rabbit Kidney Cells: III. Clinical Trials in Infants

Rubella vaccines: past, present and future

Clinical Trials With a Live Attenuated Rubella Virus Vaccine

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