Attitude and Peer Influences on Adolescent Substance Use: The Moderating Effect of Age, Sex, and Substance

Musher‐Eizenman, Dara R.; Holub, Shayla C.; Arnett, Mitzi

doi:10.2190/yed0-bqa8-5rvx-95jb

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This might have happened because levels of parental knowledge and punishment might be related to parents' own personal experience with drugs; it is likely that parents' are more familiar with marijuana use than with ecstasy use. Our results replicate and extend previous findings in the area of adolescents' attitudes towards drug use (Musher-Eizenman et al 2003;Urberg et al, 2003;van den Bree and Pickworth, 2005;Sargent and Dalton, 2001;Hyatt and Collins, 2000). None of these studies have explored the association of ecstasy use with adolescents' perceptions of friends' attitudes towards drug use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Those living in more permissive environments could be more prone to use ecstasy, and, consequently, experiment with a larger range of illegal drugs, and might need more thorough and effective intervention strategies targeting decrease in their drug use. Prevention programs can show adolescents that drug use is less normative than they actually believe by showing adolescents that not all adolescents experiment with drugs as well as encourage them to affiliate with non-drug using peers (Musher-Eizenman et al, 2003). There is also the possibility that when adolescents are reporting their perceptions of friends' attitudes towards drug use they are actually reporting their own attitudes towards drugs; thus, their responses to these questions might be biased (Musher-Eizenman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescents' perceptions that their peers approve of substance use and consider substance use normative substantially influences their own substance use (Musher-Eizenman et al, 2003;Urberg et al, 2003;van den Bree and Pickworth, 2005). Parental attitudes (Wood et al, 2004;Sargent and Dalton, 2001) and permissiveness have been associated with adolescents' substance use (Wood et al, 2004;Hyatt and Collins, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users?

Martins

Storr

Alexandre

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Perceived risk and attitudes about the consequences of drug use, perceptions of others expectations and self-efficacy influence the intent to try drugs and continue drug use once use has started. We examine associations between adolescents' attitudes and beliefs towards ecstasy use; because most ecstasy users have a history of marijuana use, we estimate the association for three groups of adolescents: non-marijuana/ecstasy users, marijuana users (used marijuana at least once but never used ecstasy) and ecstasy users (used ecstasy at least once).Methods-Data from 5,049 adolescents aged 12-18 years old who had complete weighted data information in Round 2 of the Restricted Use Files (RUF) of the National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY). Data were analyzed using jackknife weighted multinomial logistic regression models.Results-Adolescent marijuana and ecstasy users were more likely to approve of marijuana and ecstasy use as compared to non-drug using youth. Adolescent marijuana and ecstasy users were more likely to have close friends who approved of ecstasy as compared to non-drug using youth. The magnitudes of these two associations were stronger for ecstasy use than for marijuana use in the final adjusted model. Our final adjusted model shows that approval of marijuana and ecstasy use was more strongly associated with marijuana and ecstasy use in adolescence than perceived risk in using both drugs.Conclusion-Information about the risks and consequences of ecstasy use need to be presented to adolescents in order to attempt to reduce adolescents' approval of ecstasy use as well as ecstasy experimentation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users?

Martins

Storr

Alexandre

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…The hypotheses from studies of alcohol and substance use expectancies appear to be straightforward: if adolescents expect substances to affect them positively (e.g., to make parties more fun or to help people to relax), they will be more likely to use them. Conversely, if the opposite is expected (e.g., that people may lose control and be harmed after drinking alcohol) then adolescents will be less likely to use alcohol or substances (Barnow, et al, 2004;Fisher, Miles, Austin, Camargo, & Colditz, 2007;Musher-Eizenman, Holub, & Arnett, 2003;Shen, Locke-Wellman, & Hill, 2001;Willner, 2001). …”

Section: Summary and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderators of the association between peer and target adolescent substance use

Marschall-Lévesque¹,

Castellanos‐Ryan²,

Vitaro³

et al. 2014

Addictive Behaviors

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Associating with substance using peers is generally considered as one of the most important predictors of adolescent substance use. However, peer association does not affect all adolescents in the same way. To better understand when and under what conditions peer association is most linked with adolescent substance use (SU), this review focuses on the factors that may operate as moderators of this association. The review highlighted several potential moderators reflecting adolescents' individual characteristics (e.g., pubertal status, genes and personality), peer and parental factors (e.g., nature of relationships and parental monitoring), and contextual factors (e.g., peer, school and neighborhood context). As peer association is a broad concept, important methodological aspects were also addressed in order to illustrate how they can potentially bias interpretation. Taking these into account, we suggest that, while the effects of some moderators are clear (e.g., parental monitoring and sensation seeking), others are less straightforward (e.g., neighborhood) and need to be further examined. This review also provides recommendations for addressing different methodological concerns in the study of moderators, including: the use of longitudinal and experimental studies and the use of mediated moderation. These will be key for developing theory and effective prevention.

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“…School-aged children spend a substantial amount of time in the company of peers and friends, and it has long been established that these individuals are a key influence on children's developing attitudes and behaviours [12,17] across a variety of domains (for example, risk-taking behaviours [18,19]). Furthermore, they gradually become more influential as children grow older [20] and spend more unsupervised time in the company of friends [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and individual influences on eating in pre-adolescents: The role of friends’ eating behaviours and individual anxiety and depression

Houldcroft

Haycraft

Farrow³

2015

Adv Ped Res

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Background: Friends are important role models for the formation of social norms and behaviour comparisons, particularly in children. This study examined the similarities between pre-adolescent children's own eating behaviours with the eating behaviours of those in their friendship group. It also evaluated whether symptoms of anxiety and depression were related to eating behaviours in this age group. Methods: Three hundred and forty three children (mean age 8.75 years) completed questionnaires designed to measure dietary restraint, emotional eating and external eating, as well as general and social anxiety, and symptoms of depression. Children also provided details about their friendship groups. Results: Pre-adolescents' dietary restraint was positively predicted by the dietary restraint of members of their friendship groups, and their individual levels of anxiety and depression. The levels of general anxiety exhibited by pre-adolescents predicted emotional and external eating behaviours. Younger children were significantly more likely to report higher levels of emotional and external eating than older children, and boys were more likely to report more external eating behaviours than girls. Conclusions: These results suggest that greater dieting behaviours in pre-adolescents are related to their friends' reports of greater dieting behaviours. In contrast, greater levels of eating governed by emotions, and eating in response to external hunger cues, are related to greater symptoms of anxiety in pre-adolescent children. Such findings underline the importance of friends' social influences on dieting behaviours in this age group and highlight the value of targeting healthy eating and eating disorder prevention interventions at pre-adolescents.Citation: Houldcroft L, Haycraft E, Farrow C (2015) Social and individual influences on eating in pre-adolescents: The role of friends' eating behaviours and individual anxiety and depression. Adv Pediatr Res 2:22.

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Attitude and Peer Influences on Adolescent Substance Use: The Moderating Effect of Age, Sex, and Substance

Cited by 86 publications

References 35 publications

Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users?

Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users?

Moderators of the association between peer and target adolescent substance use

Social and individual influences on eating in pre-adolescents: The role of friends’ eating behaviours and individual anxiety and depression

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