Attitude and Perceived Barriers Among Highly Educated Women Towards Cervical Cancer Screening by Pap Smear: An Online Survey

Agarwal, Monika; Sinha, Sudwita; Singh, Geetika; Singh, Shruti; Ahmad, S. A.

doi:10.7759/cureus.28641

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A higher likelihood of not undergoing mammography was reported for single women in the literature [ 22 ]. Married women are thought to have more positive attitudes towards cancer screening programs [ 37 , 38 ]. The positive attitudes of women may have caused them to pay more attention to cancer screening program times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identify risk factors affecting participation of Turkish women in mammography screening for breast cancer prevention

Bayrakçeken,

Yaralı,

Alkan

2024

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Purpose Cancer screening is a public health intervention aiming to reduce cancer-caused deaths. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the mammography screening time among women aged 40–69. Methods The micro dataset obtained from the Türkiye Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) in 2019 and 2022 was used in the present study. Stereotype logistic regression was used to determine the variables affecting mammography screening and period for breast cancer prevention in women in Türkiye. Results Given the results achieved from the analysis, it was found that factors such as age, marital status, general health condition, comorbidity, receiving psychosocial support, high blood lipid levels, and performing breast self-examinations affected women’s adherence to cancer screening programs. Conclusion Since adherence to mammography increases with age, it is recommended to pay importance to education for women approaching the age of mammography screening. Educated individuals are expected to have access to multiple sources of information as to cancer and to access this information more easily. In order to gain more insight into the recommended preventive measures and outcomes related to cancer, it is suggested to review policies, which will increase the educational level of women, and provide privileges in the field of education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identify risk factors affecting participation of Turkish women in mammography screening for breast cancer prevention

Bayrakçeken,

Yaralı,

Alkan

2024

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…10 The Pap smear (PS), a highly sensitive and specific screening method, is widely employed to detect premalignant cervical lesions. 11 Since its introduction in 1950, the PS has proven to be one of the most effective and cost-effective screening tests for cervical cancer. 12 Sexually active women aged 21 and above are recommended to take this test every 3 years.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s perception of barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer Pap smear screening: a qualitative study

Shariati-Sarcheshme,

Mahdizdeh,

Tehrani

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveAlthough Pap smear (PS) is considered the best standard in detecting cervical cancer, adherence to timely and regular PS is often lower than global standards in developing countries. Thus, the present study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of adherence to cervical cancer screening in Mashhad, Iran.DesignA qualitative content analysis was done from July to December 2022 using semistructured in-depth interviews.SettingThe study was conducted in health centres in Mashhad, Iran.ParticipantsA sample of 36 married women aged 18–70 years was selected using a purposive sampling, with maximum diversity.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 42.8±7.6 years. Among all, 66.7% had the PS test at least once; only 8.3% regularly had the test. The qualitative content analysis led to the extraction of four major themes: (1) individual challenges, (2) environmental limitations, (3) individual motivators, and (4) supportive and efficient environments. The most significant barriers were psychological stress, unhealthy attitudes, insufficient information, cultural issues and insufficient healthcare services. Facilitators included an active and efficient healthcare system, advice and support of important others, and positive emotions and individual beliefs.ConclusionsParticipants' perceptions showed that the main factors influencing the PS testing were supportive environments, individual motivators, individual challenges and environmental limitations. To encourage women to take the PS and reduce barriers, it may be necessary to revise current health system policies, promote individual and public awareness, reduce psychological stress and correct negative beliefs and attitudes.

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A scoping review of evidence on routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia: investigating factors affecting adoption and implementation

Rajkhowa,

Mathew,

Fadra

et al. 2024

Cancer Causes Control

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Need Cervical cancer is a major global public health issue, particularly affecting low and middle-income countries, distinctly in the South Asian region. This geographical region lacks a well-organized routine cervical screening program. Consequently, this scoping review aimed to investigate the evidence on factors influencing the adoption and implementation of routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia. Methods Adopting the “Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al.” methodology, databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus were scrutinized in the pursuit of relevant studies. Subsequently, the collected data were synthesized by adopting the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model. Results A total of 837 records were initially identified and screened for eligibility, including 55 studies. The successful adoption and implementation of cervical cancer screening in South Asia encounter numerous obstacles within the health system, including the absence of a comprehensive program protocol for screening, inadequate health infrastructure, and the presence of multiple sociocultural factors, such as social stigma, low levels of education, and concerns related to modesty. Conclusion To optimize adoption and implementation, it is imperative to construct a customized policy framework that incorporates a risk communication strategy tailored to the specific contexts of these nations. Drawing insights from the experiences of South Asian countries in executing cervical cancer screening programs can inform the formulation of policies for similar healthcare initiatives aimed at facilitating the expansion of HPV vaccination efforts.

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Attitude and Perceived Barriers Among Highly Educated Women Towards Cervical Cancer Screening by Pap Smear: An Online Survey

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Identify risk factors affecting participation of Turkish women in mammography screening for breast cancer prevention

Identify risk factors affecting participation of Turkish women in mammography screening for breast cancer prevention

Women’s perception of barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer Pap smear screening: a qualitative study

A scoping review of evidence on routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia: investigating factors affecting adoption and implementation

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