Attitude Toward Gay Men in an Italian Sample: Masculinity and Sexual Orientation Make a Difference

Salvati, Marco; Ioverno, Salvatore; Giacomantonio, Mauro; Baiocco, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0218-0

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Furthermore, heterosexual men often have more negative attitudes toward SSM and LGP compared to women, presumably because of their acculturation to more rigid sexual and gender roles and expectations based on gender role traditionalism, heterosexism, and masculine ideals regarding virility, strength, and male dominance (Costa et al, 2017;Vecho et al, 2018). Men's hostile attitudes are also stronger against gay males than lesbian couples; these are primarily based on heterosexism and traditional gender role beliefs (Costa et al, 2017;Salvati, Ioverno, Giacomantonio, & Baiocco, 2016). By contrast, women tend to have a more fluid vision of gender and sexuality, as well as a more flexible and inclusive view of family relationships (Wills & Crawford, 2000).…”

Section: Attitudes Toward Lg People Ssm and Lgpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosexual University Students’ Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Couples and Parents Across Seven European Countries

et al. 2020

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Section: Attitudes Toward Lg People Ssm and Lgpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosexual University Students’ Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Couples and Parents Across Seven European Countries

et al. 2020

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“…These differences in findings may pertain not only to the variety of routes to parenthood characterizing our sample (involving surrogacy, sperm donation, and conception through sexual intercourse) versus the exclusive adoptive parenthood of the other researchers' samples and the different measures of gender development used but also to the different sociocultural contexts in which the studies were conducted. In this regard, it may be helpful to remind readers of the traditional gender ideology and family values that are strongly established in Italy, 6,9 which lead GFs (and, to a lesser extent, LMs) to be viewed 44 Gender Development in Children with Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Parents Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics as less suited for parenthood than HPs. [9][10][11] Because of this context, GFs may feel more pressure to conform to gendered norms and, in turn, influence their children's behavior and play in a more gender-typed way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Development in Children with Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Parents: Associations with Family Type and Child Gender

Carone

Lingiardi

Tanzilli

et al. 2020

J Dev Behav Pediatr

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Objective: To examine whether the gender development of 120 Italian children (40 born to gay fathers [GFs] through surrogacy, 40 born to lesbian mothers [LMs] through sperm donation, and 40 born to heterosexual parents [HPs] through sexual intercourse) aged 3 to 9 years differed as a function of family type and/or child gender. Methods: Children took part in observed free-play sessions while primary caregivers and nonparent caregivers were administered standardized interviews. Hierarchical linear modeling, analysis of covariance, simple effects analysis, and bootstrapping were conducted. Results: Boys and girls of GFs and HPs were reported to show less gender flexibility in their activities and characteristics than boys and girls of LMs. They also received higher scores of gender conforming dress-up play and spent more time playing with genderconforming toys. In all family types, boys and girls were reported to show low levels of gender-nonconforming dress-up play and observed to spend less time playing with gender-nonconforming toys. Overall, comparisons within genders indicated that boys and girls of GFs and HPs were considered more masculine and feminine, respectively, in their behavior and play, relative to boys and girls in LM families. Age was not a significant covariate in any analysis. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the idea that children of gay or lesbian parents show greater gender nonconformity relative to children of HPs. The findings are informative to those concerned with the effects of the absence of a male or female live-in parent on child gender development.

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“…Several studies have addressed the interplay between sexual orientation and gender-role conformity information on the evaluation and stereotyping of gay and lesbian individuals (e.g., Hunt et al 2016; Salvati et al 2016). However, despite some correlational studies (McLeod, Crawford, and Zechmeister 1999), no experimental studies have addressed whether sexual orientation and gender-role conformity information about gay-male parents independently influence beliefs about the development of their children and the evaluation of these parents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Origin of Beliefs about the Sexual Orientation and Gender-role Development of Children Raised by Gay-male and Heterosexual Parents: An Italian Study

Carnaghi

Anderson

Bianchi

2018

Men and Masculinities

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In three studies, heterosexual participants were presented with descriptions of heterosexual and gay-male parents. Importantly, the level of gender-role conformity of the gay-male parents was experimentally manipulated, resulting in their level of gender-role conformity ranging from high to low. Compared to the son of a heterosexual couple, the son of all gay-male couples had a lower expected likelihood of developing as heterosexual. This result was independent of the level of gender-role conformity of the gay-male couples (study 1–3). The beliefs about the gender-role development of the son, in terms of anticipated masculinity (study 1), gender stereotyping (study 2), and affective adjustment (study 3), mapped onto the level of gender-role conformity of the parents, regardless of their sexual orientation. Also, heterosexual parents were consistently judged more positively than gay-male parents, independently of their level of gender-role conformity (study 1–3). Results were discussed within the theoretical framework of stereotypes about gay-male parenting.

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Attitude Toward Gay Men in an Italian Sample: Masculinity and Sexual Orientation Make a Difference

Cited by 51 publications

References 58 publications

Heterosexual University Students’ Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Couples and Parents Across Seven European Countries

Heterosexual University Students’ Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Couples and Parents Across Seven European Countries

Gender Development in Children with Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Parents: Associations with Family Type and Child Gender

On the Origin of Beliefs about the Sexual Orientation and Gender-role Development of Children Raised by Gay-male and Heterosexual Parents: An Italian Study

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