Attitudes and Expectations of Stakeholders Towards the Intentions to Sustainable Tourism in Krakow after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Cities, especially those with historical values, are the target of mass tourism. Urban space is often the main source of disputes arising from confl icting interests, attitudes, and needs relating to the way it is used. The causes of confl icts and their scale vary widely. The aim of the research described in the article was to identify the attitudes and expectations of the inhabitants that contribute to the sustainability of the city's tourism economy. The scope of the research also included the analysis of the intensity of confl icts between residents and tourists and the tourism sector. The research was conducted in July 2020, i.e. during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a questionnaire with an extensive structure. Statistical analysis of the obtained data included surveys obtained from 386 respondents and the division into persons representing the tourism industry (45% of respondents), as well as diff erentiation by place of residence, in order to distinguish districts with 1 Artykuł powstał w ramach projektu badawczego pt. "Model biznesu w przedsiębiorstwach uzdrowiskowych" (nr 2017/25/B/HS4/00301), nadzorowanego i fi nansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki w Krakowie.46 ZYGMUNT KRUCZEK, ADAM SZROMEK, BARTŁOMIEJ WALAS, LESZEK MAZANEK high tourist traffi c. The confl icts occurring among the stakeholders of the tourism market were analyzed, who were classifi ed into four groups: entrepreneurs from the tourism industry, residents of Krakow, tourists from the reception area and local government. The level of confl icts was tested using a rating scale that was calibrated against zero (0.0 ± 1.0). The respondents most often indicated the occurrence of confl icts between tourists and residents, and between representatives of the tourism industry and residents. A confl ict between the inhabitants and the local government is noticed a little less frequently. The confl ict between the tourists themselves is strongly denied. In the opinion of the respondents, confl icts are the result of diff erent structures in the hierarchy of values and the diff erent perception of the city. The common postulate of sustainable tourism in cities after the pandemic period has been identifi ed in the research through the attitudes and expectations of residents. They mainly concern limiting the number of new accommodation facilities in historical zone, limiting short-term tourist rentals and the right of the city authorities to interfere with the rental phenomenon, increasing restrictions on entering the city center, prohibiting onerous types of transport, and restricting hours of serving alcohol.

Líneas de investigación futura en turismo pospandemia. Un análisis de la literatura

“…En general, debido a que entre los efectos la pandemia está el estrés laboral y la ansiedad en empleados, lo que conlleva efectos adversos en la vida personal y social de las personas, la investigación que analiza el impacto de la rse en el desempeño y el comportamiento de los empleados se ha convertido en un campo importante de estudio y lo seguirá siendo (Luu, 2022;Kang et al, 2021). En efecto, las organizaciones turísticas deben mostrar un comportamiento responsable y ético hacia todos los actores de la cadena del turismo y no solo hacia los empleados (Kruczek et al, 2021).…”

Accessibility of Cultural Heritage Sites for People with Disabilities: A Case Study on Krakow Museums

“…The aim of this paper is to assess the accessibility of flagship cultural attractions, that is, museums located in Krakow, a city with a rich historical heritage entered into the first UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List in 1978, for people with disabilities. Currently, Krakow is the most recognised tourist location in Poland, with visitor numbers exceeding 14 million in 2019 [8]. In 2010, Krakow was distinguished as receiving first place in the competition organised by the European Union for cities accessible for people with disabilities and older people, having been granted the Access City Award.…”