Attitudes and Perceptions Related to Smoking among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in a Low-Income, Multiethnic Setting

Dunn, Caroline L.; Pirie, Phyllis L.; Lando, Harry A.

doi:10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.267

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…8 Most pregnant women seem to worry about the negative consequences associated with the use of tobacco; however, only 30% of them try to quit smoking after becoming aware of the pregnancy. 9 Although pregnancy is a motivator to quit smoking, a recent study has shown that the percentage of pregnant women who actually quit smoking is not meaningful when compared to the general population. 10 There is a higher prevalence of cigarette consumption among depressive women than among those with no sign of depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and depression during pregnancy

Jansen

Curra

Souza

et al. 2010

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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Objectives: To evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and depression in pregnant women and to identify associated factors. Method: This was a cross-sectional study including 1,264 pregnant women assisted by the public health service in the municipality of Pelotas, Brazil. Depression was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Cigarette consumption was assessed using open questions.Poisson regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 21.2%; 19.3% of the depressed women were smokers. Women who smoked during pregnancy showed a 1.72-fold (95% confi dence interval: 1.27-2.34) higher probability of being depressed. Conclusion: Our fi ndings suggest a positive relationship between cigarette smoking and depression symptoms in pregnant women. Keywords: Depression, pregnancy, smoking, cross-sectional studies. ResumoObjetivos: Avaliar a associação entre consumo de cigarros e depressão durante a gravidez e identifi car fatores associados. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal, que incluiu uma população de 1.264 gestantes atendidas nos serviços de maior fl uxo do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) da cidade de Pelotas (RS), Brasil. A depressão foi avaliada utilizando a Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, e o consumo de tabaco foi verifi cado através de questões abertas. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: A prevalência de depressão durante a gestação foi de 21,2%; 19,3% das gestantes com depressão eram fumantes. As mulheres que fumaram durante a gravidez apresentaram 1,72 (intervalo de confi ança de 95%: 1,27-2,34) maior probabilidade de ter depressão. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam uma relação positiva entre o consumo de cigarros durante a gravidez e episódios depressivos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and depression during pregnancy

Jansen

Curra

Souza

et al. 2010

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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“…For younger women in particular, this was seen as particularly important in maintaining friendships and social standing. 123,124,129,130,136,139 Community influences supporting smoking cessation Community influences also supported women's efforts not to smoke, although less often than they supported continued smoking. In the reviews, smoking in pregnancy -and, to a lesser extent, resuming smoking post partum -aroused disapproval from some peers, particularly when the pregnancy was visible.…”

Section: Community Influences Hindering Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPs who were 'facilitating' were described as friendly, non-judgemental and applying a positive and systematic approach to supporting cessation. 115,116,122,123,136 In our interviews with women, there was a strong focus on the midwife or, for those who accessed cessation services, the SSS advisor. Women often described their midwife as supportive and reassuring, and they viewed this as an important and positive relationship.…”

Section: Barriers From Partners and Significant Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was also evident in the review of pregnant women's views, in which advice on cutting down was perceived as being understanding of difficult life circumstances and of the perceived stress that 'abrupt' stopping might cause. [116][117][118][119]123,124,127,136,140 The referral process from midwives or GPs to a SSS was a focus of the interviews and an important organisational element. Area A had an opt-out pathway and, despite some controversy about this (e.g.…”

Section: Organisational Factors Supporting Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation in pregnancy and following childbirth: literature review and qualitative study

Bauld

Graham

Sinclair

et al. 2017

Health Technol Assess

111

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Background: Although many women stop smoking in pregnancy, others continue, causing harm to maternal and child health. Smoking behaviour is influenced by many factors, including the role of women's significant others (SOs) and support from health-care professionals (HPs). Objectives: To enhance understanding of the barriers to, and facilitators of, smoking cessation and the feasibility and acceptability of interventions to reach and support pregnant women to stop smoking. Design: Four parts: (1) a description of interventions in the UK for smoking cessation in pregnancy; (2) three systematic reviews (syntheses) of qualitative research of women's, SOs' and HPs' views of smoking in pregnancy using meta-ethnography (interpretative approach for combining findings); (3) semistructured interviews with pregnant women, SOs and HPs, guided by the social-ecological framework (conceptualises behaviour as an outcome of individuals' interactions with environment); and (4) identification of new/ improved interventions for future testing. Setting: Studies in reviews conducted in high-income countries. Qualitative research was conducted from October 2013 to December 2014 in two mixed urban/rural study sites: area A (Scotland) and area B (England). Participants: Thirty-eight studies (1100 pregnant women) in 42 papers, nine studies (150 partners) in 14 papers and eight studies described in nine papers (190 HPs) included in reviews. Forty-one interviews with pregnant women, 32 interviews with pregnant women's SOs and 28 individual/group interviews with 48 HPs were conducted. Main outcome measures: The perceived barriers to, and facilitators of, smoking cessation in pregnancy and the identification of potential new/modified interventions. Results: Syntheses identified smoking-related perceptions and experiences for pregnant women and SOs that were fluid and context dependent with the capacity to help or hinder smoking cessation. Themes were analysed in accordance with the social-ecological framework levels. From the analysis of the interviews, the themes that were central to cessation in pregnancy at an individual level, and that reflected the findings from the reviews, were perception of risk to baby, self-efficacy, influence of close relationships and smoking as a way of coping with stress. Overall, pregnant smokers were faced with more barriers than facilitators. At an interpersonal level, partners' emotional and practical support, willingness to change smoking behaviour and role of smoking within relationships were important. Across the review and interviews of HPs, education to enhance knowledge and confidence in delivering information about smoking in pregnancy and the centrality of the client relationship, protection of which could be a factor in downplaying risks, were important. HPs acknowledged that they could best assist by providing support and understanding, and access to effective interventions, including an opt-out referral pathway to Stop Smoking Services, routine carbon monoxide screening, behavioural s...

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“…Educational efforts might be most effective when directed at networks of women who share information. 46 Although some programs did not see significant increases in postpartum relapse rates, researchers still suggested that successful relapse prevention programs should be added to cessation interventions, with increased duration and potency. 11,52 These programs should include messages aimed at bolstering confidence in being able to continue not smoking, 52 and be delivered throughout prenatal, postpartum, 48 and early childhood care.…”

Section: Interventions That Maintain Smoking Cessation During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Review of Postpartum Relapse Prevention Strategies

Fang¹,

Goldstein

Butzen³

et al. 2004

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

114

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Objective: Review and examine existing research, current strategies, and directions for future research on smoking cessation relapse and relapse prevention in pregnancy and postpartum.Methods: A MEDLINE/PubMed search in 2002 and 2003 for articles containing the key words "smoking," "pregnancy," "cessation," and "cessation relapse prevention" and references of retrieved papers yielded a review of more than 500 articles. Only 14 of these addressed program-based strategies to increase cessation among pregnant women through relapse prevention programs.Conclusion: Although there is much information on the rationale and strategies for smoking cessation for pregnant women, fewer studies exist on how to prevent relapse. Throughout the past decade, tobacco use has remained the single most important modifiable cause of poor pregnancy outcome in the United States. Smoking accounts for 20% of deliveries of infants with low birth weights, 8% of preterm births, and 5% of all perinatal deaths. Smoking during pregnancy and in postpartum contributes to sudden infant death syndrome and changes in brain and nervous system development. The direct medical costs of a complicated birth for a smoker are 66% higher than for nonsmokers. 1 Relapse rates range from 70% to 85% among women who smoke but quit at some time during their pregnancy. A recent 10-year study (1987 to 1996) of 8808 pregnant women and 178,499 nonpregnant women of childbearing age indicated that the prevalence of current smoking has decreased significantly among both pregnant (16.3% to 11.8%) and nonpregnant women (26.7% to 23.6%).2 This drop in smoking over time among pregnant women was primarily caused by the overall decline in smoking initiation rates among women of childbearing age, not by an increased rate of smoking cessation related to pregnancy.Although one fifth of pregnant smokers spontaneously quit by the time of their first antenatal visit, 3 and pregnant women are half as likely as nonpregnant women to be smokers, 2 an estimated 20.4% of women smokers continue smoking throughout their pregnancies. 4 For women who do quit during pregnancy and who received a planned intervention, between 6.2% and 37.2% remained smoke-free. The range of relapse rates is broad because of the varying success of the cessation intervention strategy. Between 29% and 85% of women who get a planned intervention relapse after delivery. 5-16Although there is much information on why and how pregnant women should quit, fewer data exist on how to prevent relapse. This article is a literature review on relapse and relapse prevention in pregnancy; we looked at existing research, current strategies, and directions for future research.

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Attitudes and Perceptions Related to Smoking among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in a Low-Income, Multiethnic Setting

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Tobacco smoking and depression during pregnancy

Tobacco smoking and depression during pregnancy

Barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation in pregnancy and following childbirth: literature review and qualitative study

Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Review of Postpartum Relapse Prevention Strategies

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