“…Four main types of IA risk factors (ie, sociodemographic variables, internet‐related variables, psychosocial factors, and psychiatric comorbidities) were suggested by Kuss, Griffiths, Karila, and Billieux (). Some variables that have been associated with PIU and IA include being male (Vigna‐Taglianti et al, ), being a student at high school or university (Afrin, Islam, Rabbiand, & Hossain, ; Uddin et al, ; Vigna‐Taglianti et al, ), living in a city as opposed to rural areas (Ni, Yan, Chen, & Liu, ; Younes et al, ), being in a romantic relationship (Lee et al, ), sleep disturbance including sleeping too long or too little (Afrin et al, ; Bener et al, ; Morrison & Gore, ; Shahnaz & Karim, ), using the internet for a wide variety of social networking activities such as being on Facebook , Twitter , YouTube , or Instagram , blogging, playing online games, and accessing movie or music sites, and accessing pornography (eg, Bener & Bhugra, ; Cheung, Chan, Lui, Tsui, & Chan, ; Kuss et al, ; Lee et al, ; Lin, Ko, & Wu, ; Mamun, Arafat, Ambiatunnahar, & Griffiths, ; Morrison & Gore, ; Simcharoen et al, ; Vigna‐Taglianti et al, ; Xin et al, ). The worldwide prevalence rates of IA have been noted as varying from 0% to 55% (Bozoglan, Demirer, & Sahin, ; Cheung et al, ; Kuss et al, ; Laconi et al, ; Lee et al, ; Shao et al, ; Younes et al, ; Yücens & Üzer, ).…”