Attitudes in progress: Puerto Rican youth’s opinions on monolingual and code-switched language varieties

Tamargo, Rosa E. Guzzardo; Loureiro-Rodríguez, Verónica; Acar, Elif F.; Avilés, Jessica Vélez

doi:10.1080/01434632.2018.1515951

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While Spanish remains the predominant language of Puerto Rico, the use of English is loosely supported in many contexts of everyday life (e.g., in education, media, and other societal domains). Importantly, codeswitching is very common among bilinguals, especially those of the younger generations ( Casas, 2016 ; Pousada, 2017 ; Beatty-Martínez, 2019 ; Guzzardo Tamargo et al, 2019 ). Thus, it follows that bilinguals in this context may be able to use whichever words and structures that are most active to achieve their communicative goals with little-to-no interactional cost ( Green and Abutalebi, 2013 ; Beatty-Martínez et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Codeswitching As An Opportunistic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Codeswitching: A Bilingual Toolkit for Opportunistic Speech Planning

2020

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The ability to engage in fluent codeswitching is a hallmark of the flexibility and creativity of bilingual language use. Recent discoveries have changed the way we think about codeswitching and its implications for language processing and language control. One is that codeswitching is not haphazard, but subject to unique linguistic and cognitive constraints. Another is that not all bilinguals codeswitch, but those who do, exhibit usage patterns conforming to community-based norms. However, less is known about the cognitive processes that regulate and promote the likelihood of codeswitched speech. We review recent empirical studies and provide corpus evidence that highlight how codeswitching serves as an opportunistic strategy for optimizing performance in cooperative communication. From this perspective, codeswitching is part and parcel of a toolkit available to bilingual codeswitching speakers to assist in language production by allowing both languages to remain active and accessible, and therefore providing an alternative means to convey meaning, with implications for bilingual speech planning and language control more generally.

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Section: Codeswitching As An Opportunistic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Codeswitching: A Bilingual Toolkit for Opportunistic Speech Planning

2020

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“…In 2008, the percentage of households in which the language of use was Spanish reached 95.1 %; only 19.2 % of the residents in the island speak English "very well" and in 4.1 % of the households in Puerto Rico English is primarily spoken, which represents a reduction of 0.7 % in comparison to 2008. Data from the most recent U.S. Census in 2014 show similar results: 44 % of Puerto Ricans do not speak English, 4 % only use English, and the remaining 52 % speak English at varying levels of proficiency (Guzzardo, Loureiro, Fidan & Vélez, 2019).…”

Section: Lack Of Planning: "…Ni Espanglish Ni Engañol"mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In this paper, I adhere to this definition of attitudes. Some studies have shown the positive attitudes Puerto Ricans have towards the instruction of English, while others present a more complex picture of Puerto Ricans attitudes toward Spanish and English (Betancourt, 1976;Domínguez Rosado, 2012Guzzardo Tamargo et al, 2019;Rodríguez Galarza, 1997; among others). Carroll, Rivera & Santiago (2015) carried out a study among students of the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, and found that the younger students in this public institution believe that instruction of English is an important aspect of the college life and experience.…”

Section: Language Attitudes In Puerto Ricomentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Attitudes Towards Spanish and English in Puerto Rico

González-Rivera¹

2021

RFL

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This article analyzes language attitudes towards Spanish and English in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory since 1898, and seek to answer the following three questions: are Spanish and English conflicting elements in the Puerto Rican society? Is Spanish a symbol of identity for Puerto Ricans? Does bilingualism represent a threat to the ethno-sociolinguistic existence of Puerto Ricans? By examining an online questionnaire on language attitudes completed by participants living in Puerto Rico, I argue that for Puerto Ricans bilingualism is becoming more prevalent and many of them are increasingly accepting both languages, Spanish and English, without questioning or denying the fact that Spanish is their mother tongue.

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“…Dewaele & Wei, 2014b), with indirect methods measuring covert attitudes, such as the matched-guise technique, being rarely applied (e.g. Chana & Romaine, 1984; Guzzardo Tamargo et al, 2019; Yim & Clément, in-press).…”

Section: Code-switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation and attitudes toward code-switching: A bidimensional framework

Yim

Clement

2021

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and objectives: Code-switching, the spontaneous switching from one language to another within a single speech event, is often performed by bilinguals who have mastered a communicative competence in two languages. It is also a social strategy – using linguistic cues as a means to index social categories and group solidarity. Code-switching is, therefore, linked to attitudes, seen as a reflection of the speaker and their values and identities. Traditionally perceived negatively, attitudes toward code-switching have been shown to be acceptable in certain cases, such as in multilingual contexts. However, it has yet to be determined empirically whether attitudes toward code-switching are associated with individual social characteristics, including cultural identity and identity negotiation. Adopting the bidimensional model of acculturation, the goal of the study was to investigate the relationships among cultural identity and code-switching attitudes. Specifically, we sought to examine whether the bidimensional framework can be used to characterize and distinguish biculturals and whether such distinctions result in differences in code-switching attitudes and other related factors. Data and analysis: Cantonese-English bilinguals ( n = 67) reported their language background and completed questionnaires relating to identity and code-switching. Findings: The findings suggest the bidimensional model was successful in classifying biculturals versus non-biculturals and, additionally, that biculturals could be differentiated according to their strength of cultural identification, which we designated as strong biculturals, Canadian-oriented biculturals, Chinese-oriented biculturals, and weak biculturals. Findings also revealed significant group differences in code-switching attitudes and other factors, such as code-switching comfort and preference, among the bicultural subgroups. Implications: The study supports the hypothesis that code-switching is linked to bicultural identity. The results conclude that a more nuanced classification of biculturals is meaningful, as individual differences in cultural identification among biculturals are linked to significant differences in code-switching comfort, code-switching preference, code-switching attitudes, and multicultural attitudes.

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Attitudes in progress: Puerto Rican youth’s opinions on monolingual and code-switched language varieties

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Codeswitching: A Bilingual Toolkit for Opportunistic Speech Planning

Codeswitching: A Bilingual Toolkit for Opportunistic Speech Planning

Language Attitudes Towards Spanish and English in Puerto Rico

Acculturation and attitudes toward code-switching: A bidimensional framework

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