Attitudes Toward Cognitive Enhancer Use Among New Zealand Tertiary Students

Ram, Sanya; Hussainy, Safeera Yasmeen; Henning, Marcus A.; Stewart, Kay; Jensen, Maree; Russell, Bruce

doi:10.1080/10826084.2017.1281313

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Cognitive enhancement is the use of central nervous system stimulant medications such as methylphenidate, amphetamine, and modafinil. The efficacy of these products, when used by healthy individuals to increase cognition, is indemonstrable (1). Typical cognitive enhancers (CEs) exert at least three pharmacological mechanisms, with major various potential for affecting cognition, and side effects based on mechanism or non-mechanism (including misuse or addiction responsibility) (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Cognitive Enhancers Among Medical Students

Mousavi¹,

Shojaei²

2019

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: Pharmaceutical cognitive enhancer misuse among college students is known as an unknown phenomenon in many countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive enhancers and its effective factors in students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by analyzing a total sample of 579 students in the one of University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, Iran. It was told to students that fill the paper questionnaire, nameless, consist of 13 questions about drug usage's prevalence to improve cognitive function and about the reasons and correlates in the course. Results: There was a significant relationship between cognitive enhancer use and the age of respondents (P < 0.05). According to logistic regression analysis, there was significant relationship between knowing someone who had used, stress level and CE use (P < 0.05). Also, a significant difference was found between genders in terms of the motivation to use; so that female were trying to increase concentration. Conclusions: Most of the medical students in this study used cognitive enhancers to improve their concentration for all quiz and assistant exams. Thus they are at risk of being addicted to these drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Cognitive Enhancers Among Medical Students

Mousavi¹,

Shojaei²

2019

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…That is, overall, only a small portion of college students' NMUPS activities are associated with recreational purposes (e.g., use in parties to get high) [4,44,45]. These findings are very alarming, as college students' "justified use" of NMUPS may further fuel their participation in NMUPS and in turn, harm their long-term academic performance and wellbeing [46,47]. Thus, to address these issues, on-campus anti-NMUPS campaign interventions are needed to change students' attitudes and behavior towards NMUPS.…”

Section: "Justified Use" Of Nmups In College Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings suggest that more than 60% of college students surveyed obtained their prescription stimulants from their friends and peers [63]. Accumulated insights suggest that intimate social ties' influence on college students' beliefs and behavior towards NMUPS is multifaceted: college students who participate in NMUPS often (1) believe their social ties approve their NMUPS behavior [46,54], (2) have social contacts who also engage in NMUPS behavior [64], and (3) obtain their prescription stimulants from these social connections [45,65,66]. Social norms shaped by the intangible college culture and tangible social ties could further explain why progress that aims to address college students' participation in NMUPS is difficult to solidify.…”

Section: Social Norms and Nmupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the TPB posits that people's (1) attitudes and perceptions about a behavior, (2) beliefs related to their significant others' acceptance of the behavior, and (3) perceptions about their ability to carry out the behavior shape their behavioral intention and in turn, their actual adoption of the behavior [78,79]. Overall, the TPB framework has been widely adopted by researchers in the field of health communication, such as studies conducted in the context of NMUPS [46,47,80]. For instance, using the TPB model as the guiding framework, researchers found that college students' attitudes and subjective norms are significant predictors of their intention to change their NMUPS behavior.…”

Section: The Hbm and The Tpb Theoretical Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Study Natural” without Drugs: An Exploratory Study of Theory-Guided and Tailored Health Campaign Interventions to Prevent Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

Mackert

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) among college students continues to rise. While some anti-NMUPS campaigns are available, little is known about the campaign development process and how well college students evaluate these messages. To bridge this gap, we developed theory-guided anti-NMUPS campaign interventions that are tailored to college students’ characteristics and evaluated students’ response towards them. A total of 445 college students (74.4% female; Meanage of 20; 18 to 35 years old) reviewed the campaign interventions and offered their evaluation via an online survey. Findings indicate that students responded to the campaigns positively. Results also indicate that female students are more likely to perceive the campaigns as effective than their male counterparts. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that theory-guided and tailored anti-NMUPS campaigns have great potential in changing students’ attitudes and behavior towards NMUPS. While this study fills critical gaps in the literature, considering the progress needed to strengthen the research field, more research is needed to further identify effective strategies that could prevent college students’ participation in NMUPS activities.

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“…The lack of in-depth coverage of ethics issues and what to do fits with prior findings of our study. One area of ethical contemplation was raised in relation to "cognitive enhance*", "cognitive stim*," and the uses of "Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST)" [151][152][153][154] with patients and the attitudes of nursing students about the use of cognitive enhancements, where it was found that the decision to use such cognitive enhancers did not occur in isolation and there were many existing social and contextual influences that impacted the decision for nurses to use cognitive enhancers [155].…”

Section: Ethical Implications Of Neuro-advancements For Nurses/nursinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Advancements and the Role of Nurses as Stated in Academic Literature and Canadian Newspapers

Deloria

Wolbring

2019

Societies

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Neurosciences and neurotechnologies (from now on called neuro-advancements) constantly evolve and influence all facets of society. Neuroethics and neuro-governance discourses focus on the impact of neuro-advancements on individuals and society, and stakeholder involvement is identified as an important aspect of being able to deal with such an impact. Nurses engage with neuro-advancements within their occupation, including neuro-linked assistive technologies, such as brain-computer interfaces, cochlear implants, and virtual reality. The role of nurses is multifaceted and includes being providers of clinical and other health services, educators, advocates for their field and their clients, including disabled people, researchers, and influencers of policy discourses. Nurses have a stake in how neuro-advancements are governed, therefore, being influencers of neuroethics and neuro-governance discourses should be one of these roles. Lifelong learning and professional development could be one mechanism to increase the knowledge of nurses about ethical, social, and legal issues linked to neuro-advancements, which in turn, would allow nurses to provide meaningful input towards neuro-advancement discussions. Disabled people are often the recipients of neuro-advancements and are clients of nurses, therefore, they have a stake in the way nurses interact with neuro-advancements and influence the sociotechnical context of neuro-advancements, which include neuro-linked assistive devices. We performed a scoping review to investigate the role of narrative around nurses in relation to neuro-advancements within academic literature and newspapers. We found minimal engagement with the role of nurses outside of clinical services. No article raised the issue of nurses having to be involved in neuro-ethics and neuro-governance discussions or how lifelong learning could be used to gain that competency. Few articles used the term assistive technology or assistive device and no article covered the engagement of nurses with disabled people within a socio-technical context. We submit that the role narrative falls short of what is expected from nurses and shows shortcomings at the intersection of nurses, socio-technical approaches to neuro-assistive technologies and other neuro-advancements and people with disabilities. Neuro-governance and neuroethic discourses could be a useful way for nurses and disabled people to co-shape the socio-technical context of neuro-advancements, including neuro-assistive technologies. Lifelong learning initiatives should be put in place to provide the knowledge necessary for nurses to take part in the neuroethics and neuro-governance discussion.

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Attitudes Toward Cognitive Enhancer Use Among New Zealand Tertiary Students

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

The Use of Cognitive Enhancers Among Medical Students

The Use of Cognitive Enhancers Among Medical Students

“Study Natural” without Drugs: An Exploratory Study of Theory-Guided and Tailored Health Campaign Interventions to Prevent Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants in College Students

Neuro-Advancements and the Role of Nurses as Stated in Academic Literature and Canadian Newspapers

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