“…In one of the earliest arguments in support of adopting a passfail grading system in medical schools, Miller 3 stated that the traditional medical school grading system failed the 4 basic functions of grading and therefore was not consistent with professionalism or enhancing adult learning. A survey by Bender 4 of medical school deans and student representatives found that a pass-fail system was desired by two thirds of the respondents. Robins et al 5 compared a 4interval system to a pass-fail system and found no difference in academic achievement.…”