Attosecond electromagnetic pulses: generation, measurement, and application. Attosecond metrology and spectroscopy

Ryabikin, M. Yu.; Emelin, M. Yu.; Strelkov, V. V.

doi:10.3367/ufne.2021.10.039078

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 258 publications

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“…To find the polarization of a gas target, we use the Ehrenfest theorem [39] and calculate the expectation value of the time-dependent total force f z (x, t) 4 as…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of the Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally the table-top production of attosecond pulses is associated with the process of high-harmonic generation (HHG) [1][2][3][4] in gaseous media, when a strong laser field interacts with atoms or molecules of the gas in a highly-nonlinear nonperturbative fashion, giving rise to the emission of a wide plateau of laser harmonics stretching into the XUV region, including the water window [5] and even keV photons [6]. This XUV emission, in the temporal representation, takes the shape of a train of attosecond pulses generated every half-cycle of the laser field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroscopic effects in generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing in gases and plasma

Birulia,

Khokhlova,

Strelkov

2024

New J. Phys.

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We theoretically study the generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing (HFM) of two intense generating ﬁelds, and compare this process with the more common high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process. We calculate the macroscopic XUV signal by numerically integrating the 1D propagation equation coupled with the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We analytically ﬁnd the length scales which limit the quadratic growth of the HFM macroscopic signal with propagation length. Compared to HHG these length scales are much longer for a group of HFM components, with orders deﬁned by the frequencies of the generating ﬁelds. This results in a higher HFM macroscopic signal despite the microscopic response being lower than for HHG. In our numerical simulations in a gas target, the intensity of the HFM signal is several times higher than that for HHG, while for a plasma target the HFM generation efficiency is up to three orders of magnitude higher than for HHG. The HFM with relatively long generating pulses provides very narrow XUV lines (δω/ω = 4.6 × 10-4) with well-deﬁned frequencies, thus allowing for a simple extension of optical frequency standards to the XUV range. Finally, we show that the group of HFM components eﬀectively generated due to macroscopic eﬀects provides a train of attosecond pulses such that the carrier-envelope phase of an individual attosecond pulse can be easily controlled by tuning the phase of one of the generating ﬁelds.

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“…To find the polarization of a gas target, we use the Ehrenfest theorem [39] and calculate the expectation value of the time-dependent total force f z (x, t) 4 as…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of the Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic effects in generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing in gases and plasma

Birulia,

Khokhlova,

Strelkov

2024

New J. Phys.

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“…( 17) - (19)] being the same 4 : 3 We denote as m = (0, 2) the results related to κ (0,2) q . 4 For m = (0, 2) we present…”

Section: A Intensity Of Hfm Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The introduction of laser technologies ignited an explosion in the study of light and its interaction with matter. One of the areas from this realm is attosecond physics [1][2][3][4]. In turn, the rapid expansion of attophysics and the conquest of progressively ultrafast processes has created a hunger for attosecond sources and their active development, resulting in steady progress [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Attosecond Pulses with Controllable Carrier-Envelope Phase via High-order Frequency Mixing

Birulia,

Khokhlova,

Strelkov

2022

Preprint

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Advancing table-top attosecond sources in brightness and pulse duration is of immense interest and importance for an expanding sphere of applications. Recent theoretical studies [New J. Phys., 22 093030 (2020)] have found that high-order frequency mixing (HFM) in a two-color laser field can be much more efficient than high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Here we study the attosecond properties of the coherent XUV generated via HFM analytically and numerically, focusing on the practically important case when one of the fields has much lower frequency and much lower intensity than the other one. We derive simple analytical equations describing intensities and phase locking of the HFM spectral components. We show that the duration of attosecond pulses generated via HFM, while being very similar to that obtained via HHG in the plateau, is shortened for the cut-off region. Moreover, our study demonstrates that the carrier-envelope phase of the attopulses produced via HFM, in contrast to HHG, can be easily controlled by the phases of the generating fields.

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“…Owing to the spectral coverage ranging from ultraviolet to soft X-ray, HHG is an efficient means of obtaining attosecond pulses, which can detect and track the ultrafast dynamics of intramolecular electrons. Therefore, it has gradually been attracting more attention [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation Dependence of High-Order Harmonic Generation from HeH2+ in a Corotating Two-Color Circularly Polarized Laser Field

Gao,

Qiao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Symmetry

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By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study high-order harmonic generation from the asymmetric diatomic molecule HeH2+ in a corotating two-color circularly polarized laser field. Our results reveal a strong correlation between the molecule orientation and the harmonic yield. The harmonics in the plateau region can achieve an intensity modulation of one to two orders of magnitude with the change in the orientation angle. Through the time-dependent evolution of ionized electron wave packets combined with the analysis of the transition dipole moment between the continuum and bound states, the modulation of the harmonic strength may be attributed to the difference in the recollision angle of ionized electron wave packets relative to the molecules. In addition, the harmonic ellipticity is also affected by the molecular orientation. Notably, we found that the harmonic with greater ellipticity and higher intensity can be obtained with an orientation angle of 147°. These findings open up new avenues for achieving enhanced efficiency, the near-circular polarization of harmonics, and precise control over harmonic polarization states.

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Attosecond electromagnetic pulses: generation, measurement, and application. Attosecond metrology and spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 258 publications

Macroscopic effects in generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing in gases and plasma

Macroscopic effects in generation of attosecond XUV pulses via high-order frequency mixing in gases and plasma

Generation of Attosecond Pulses with Controllable Carrier-Envelope Phase via High-order Frequency Mixing

Orientation Dependence of High-Order Harmonic Generation from HeH2+ in a Corotating Two-Color Circularly Polarized Laser Field

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