Attracting Surgical Clerks to Surgical Careers: Role Models, Mentoring, and Engagement in the Operating Room

Berman, Loren; Rosenthal, Marjorie S.; Curry, Leslie; Evans, Leigh V; Gusberg, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.08.003

Cited by 145 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…3,31,32,36,49,56,61,74,91,96,97,[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] Clinical experience is known to have a significant impact on career decisions, but the mentorship during exciting clinical opportunities may lead to an especially transformative ex perience during surgical clerkship. We encourage that mentor relationships be established with medical students whenever possible and that same-gender mentors are more favourable if available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the factors affecting choice of surgery as a career

Peel

Schlachta

Alkhamesi

2018

cjs

190

129

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A systematic review of the factors affecting choice of surgery as a careerBackground: Interest in surgical careers among medical students has declined over the past decade. Multiple explanations have been offered for why top students are deterred or rejected from surgical programs, though no consensus has emerged. Methods:We conducted a review of the literature to better characterize what factors affect the pursuit of a surgical career. We searched PubMed and EMBASE and performed additional reference checks. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Newcastle-Ottawa Education scores were used to evaluate the included data.Results: Our search identified 122 full-text, primary articles. Analysis of this evidence identified 3 core concepts that impact surgical career decision-making: gender, features of surgical education, and student "fit" in the culture of surgery. Conclusion:Real and perceived gender discrimination has deterred female medical students from entering surgical careers. In addition, limited exposure to surgery during medical school and differences between student and surgeon personality traits and values may deter students from entering surgical careers. We suggest that deliberate and visible effort to include women and early-career medical students in surgical settings may enhance their interest in carreers in surgery.Contexte : On constate que l'intérêt pour une carrière en chirurgie a décliné chez les étudiants en médecine depuis une dizaine d'années. Plusieurs raisons ont été invoquées pour expliquer le désintérêt des étudiants talentueux à l'égard des programmes de chirurgie ou leur rejet de ces programmes, sans qu'on en arrive à un consensus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the factors affecting choice of surgery as a career

Peel

Schlachta

Alkhamesi

2018

cjs

190

129

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“…From these, three themes similar to those of the high scoring papers were identified, namely the attributes of positive role models (Matthews 2000;McLean 2006;Yazigi et al 2006;Lynoe et al 2008); the influence of positive role models on student career choice (Wright et al 1997;Drouin et al 2006;Berman et al 2008) and the process of positive role modelling (Thiedke et al 2004). The findings of these studies were consistent with those of the high scoring papers.…”

Section: Summary Of the Medium Scoring Papersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3 Influence of positive role models on student's career choice Henderson et al 1996;Wright et al 1997;Ambrozy et al 1997;Watts et al 1998;Basco andReigart, 2001, Drouin et al 2006;Berman et al 2008;Ravindra and Fizgerald, 2011. 4 The process of positive role modelling Jones et al 2004;Thiedke et al 2004;Balmer et al 2007;Park et al 2010;Curry et al 2011;Thiedke et al 2004.…”

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confidence: 99%

Doctor role modelling in medical education: BEME Guide No. 27

et al. 2013

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Aim: The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence currently available on role modelling by doctors in medical education. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted (PubMed, Psyc-Info, Embase, Education Research Complete, Web of Knowledge, ERIC and British Education Index) from January 1990 to February 2012. Data extraction was completed by two independent reviewers and included a quality assessment of each paper. A thematic analysis was conducted on all the included papers. Results: Thirty-nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the review. Six main themes emerged from the content of high and medium quality papers: 1) the attributes of positive doctor role models; 2) the personality profiles of positive role models; 3) the influence of positive role models on students' career choice; 4) the process of positive role modelling; 5) the influence of negative role modelling; 6) the influence of culture, diversity and gender in the choice of role model. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights role modelling as an important process for the professional development of learners. Excellence in role modelling involves demonstration of high standards of clinical competence, excellence in clinical teaching skills and humanistic personal qualities. Positive role models not only help to shape the professional development of our future physicians, they also influence their career choices. This review has highlighted two main challenges in doctor role modelling: the first challenge lies in our lack of understanding of the complex phenomenon of role modelling. Second, the literature draws attention to negative role modelling and this negative influence requires deeper exploration to identify ways to mitigate adverse effects. This BEME review offers a preliminary guide to future discovery and progress in the area of doctor role modelling. Section 1: IntroductionRole modelling has been highlighted as an important phenomenon in medical education. Its importance in professional development of learners has been illustrated by medical educators' worldwide (Gordon & Lyon 1998;Skeff & Mutha, 1998; Ficklin et al. 1998;Yazigi et al. 2006;Joubert et al. 2006;McLean, 2006). Over the past decade there has been an explosion of interest in doctor role modelling with many influential discussion articles (Matthews 2000;Maudsley 2001;Paice et al. 2002;Kenny et al. 2003;Kahn 2008;Cruess et al. 2008). These leading articles inspired this review of the primary research on role modelling. Role modelling has been described as the process in which 'faculty members demonstrate clinical skills, model and articulate expert thought processes and manifest positive professional characteristics. ' (Irby 1986, p. 40). This is the definition that was chosen for this systematic review. Role modelling takes place in three interrelated educational environments which are the formal, informal and hidden curriculum (Hafferty 1998). The informal curriculum is defined as an 'unscripted, predominantly ad hoc, and hi...

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“…22 That emotions may also influence specialty decisions is supported by a number of studies that suggest that encouragement by faculty and peers may influence decisions to pursue primary care, 23 that discomfort with ambiguity may discourage interest in primary care, 24 that positive and negative clinical experiences in surgery clerkships may attract or diminish student interest in surgical specialties, [25][26][27] and that the degree to which physicians find their work meaningful and fulfilling corresponds inversely to their risk of burnout. 28 But because emotional responses are unstable, fluctuating day to day with internal and external circumstances, students may be tempted to dismiss or minimize them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Factors Contributing to Professional Identity Development and Specialty Choice: A Survey of Third- and Fourth-Year Medical Students

White

Geiger

2011

ANN BEHAV SCI MED EDUC

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This study begins to explore whether there is a link between medical students' professional identity development and their specialty choice. Through an online survey, third-and fourthyear students at a US medical school were asked to identify the curricular, extracurricular, and personal experiences they felt influenced their professional identity development, and which of nine known considerations influenced their specialty choice. In 141 responses (68% return rate), students most frequently identified experiences involving humans -as cadavers, patients, colleagues, mentors, and role models -as contributing to their professional identity development. Of the nine contributors to specialty decisions, students highlighted intellectual interest, patient contact, procedural skills, lifestyle, and career opportunities. Narrative responses to both questions consistently emphasized the value of emotionally positive clerkship experiences, patient encounters, role models, and mentors. The abundance and consistency of these responses suggest that positive interpersonal and clinical experiences may influence both professional identity development and specialty choice.

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Attracting Surgical Clerks to Surgical Careers: Role Models, Mentoring, and Engagement in the Operating Room

Cited by 145 publications

References 27 publications

A systematic review of the factors affecting choice of surgery as a career

A systematic review of the factors affecting choice of surgery as a career

Doctor role modelling in medical education: BEME Guide No. 27

Perceptions of Factors Contributing to Professional Identity Development and Specialty Choice: A Survey of Third- and Fourth-Year Medical Students

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