Attraction to and Avoidance of instream Hydrokinetic Turbines by Freshwater Aquatic Organisms

Cada, G.F.; Bevelhimer, Mark S.

doi:10.2172/1018268

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moving devices generate noise and electromagnetic fields that can be evaded or avoided by fish [1], [49]. Aggregation behaviours can also be expected as new structure in a homogeneous seascape can potentially act as fish aggregation devices (FADs) and can provide refuge from high speed currents in the wake of the device [1], [50], [51]. Removal of hydrokinetic energy may change local hydrodynamics affecting turbulence and stratification patterns that in turn, can affect vertical movements of organisms [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does temporal variability limit standardized biological monitoring at wave and tidal energy sites?

2019

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Commercial viability of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is progressing but no national or international monitoring standards have been established for wave or tidal energy sites. Standardized monitoring within and across MRE sectors is necessary to expedite project permitting/consenting, detect environmental impacts, and enable comparison among sites and technologies. Acoustic backscatter from a bottom-deployed platform at a pilot wave energy site off Newport, Oregon was compared to data collected at a tidal turbine site in Admiralty Inlet, Washington. Metrics that describe fish and macrozooplankton densities and vertical distributions derived from acoustic backscattered energy were compared using wavelets and Autoregressive Moving Average models (ARMA). Average density and vertical distribution values significantly differed between sites. Metrics of density and location in the water column displayed diel (24 h) and tidal (12 h) cycles. Dispersion of animals in the water column varied at 64- and 128-h periods at both sites. Applicability of methods in both sectors suggests that a standard approach to biological monitoring is possible. Stationary acoustics and analytic methods presented here can be used to characterize pre-installation conditions and refine post-installation monitoring to site-specific characteristics to ensure cost-effective detection of impacts associated with MRE development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does temporal variability limit standardized biological monitoring at wave and tidal energy sites?

2019

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“…Shao et al [8,9] found that negative pressure caused more damage to fish than positive pressure. Cada [10] found that the pressure threshold of a fish's swim bladder was 0.3 times the atmospheric pressure, and that of a fish's closed swim bladder was 0.6 times the atmospheric pressure. When the pressure in the pressure channel is lower than −50 kPa, about half an atmosphere, fish are vulnerable to damage [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design and Fish-Passing Performance Analysis of a Fish-Friendly Axial Flow Pump

Yang,

Zhang,

Guo

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, the parameters of a prototype runner of an axial flow pump are optimized by using the immersion boundary–lattice Boltzmann numerical method based on a large-eddy simulation (LES-IB-LBM). A fish-friendly axial flow pump with a leading-edge thickness of 11.4 mm and blade cutting angle of 18° is proposed. Through experiments, the living conditions of many kinds of fish in extremely positive and negative pressure environments are explored, and the probability of damage caused by pump to fish is analyzed by taking −40 kPa as the low-pressure damage threshold. The flow passage of the fish-friendly axial flow pump effectively guides the fish to low-risk areas, reducing the risk of friction, shear, and impact damage to the fish. The total impact mortality ratio of runners before and after the axial flow pump optimization is close to 7:1.

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“…Depth preferences (i.e., benthic or pelagic) will also affect fish  3-4  distributions vertically within a channel. Consequently, some species and life stages may never encounter hydrokinetic turbines depending on their habitat preferences and where turbines are located (Cada and Bevelhimer 2011, Schweizer et al 2011). A similar approach would be to assume that the number (or percent) of fish entrained is proportional to the volume of water passing through a turbine's blade sweep compared to the total channel discharge (i.e., if 25% of the channel discharge is passing through a turbine's blades, then 25% of fish also encounter the blade sweep).…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Effects of Hydrokinetic Turbines on Fish: Desktop and Laboratory Flume Studies

Jacobson

Amaral²,

Castro‐Santos³

et al. 2012

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A primary issue of concern of regulatory and resource agencies is how the operation of hydrokinetic turbines will affect local and migratory fish populations. In particular, two major concerns are the potential for fish to be killed or injured if they pass through one or more turbines and the potential for fish movements and migrations to be disrupted or blocked if fish are reluctant or unwilling to move past operating turbines. Fish that pass through hydrokinetic turbines may be injured or killed due to blade strike or damaging hydraulic shear and/or pressure conditions. This collection of three reports describes desktop and laboratory flume studies that provide information to support assessment of the potential for injury and mortality of fish that encounter hydrokinetic turbines of various designs installed in tidal and river environments. Behavioral responses to turbine exposure also are investigated to support assessment of the potential for disruptions to upstream and downstream movements of fish.Accurate and precise determination of the probability of blade strike and injury, and of the behavior of fish as they encounter hydrokinetic turbines, was the primary goal of the studies. This goal is achieved by: (1) conducting an assessment of potential injury mechanisms using available data from studies with conventional hydro turbines; (2) developing theoretical models for predicting blade strike probabilities and mortality rates; and (3) performing flume testing with three turbine designs and several fish species and size groups in two laboratory flumes to estimate survival rates and document fish behavior. The strike probability and mortality models are verified using data collected during flume testing. These desktop analyses include an assessment of existing biocriteria for the safe passage of fish through conventional hydro turbines with respect to relevance and application to hydrokinetic devices, and development of theoretical models for predicting blade strike and mortality probabilities. Flume studies were conducted with three hydrokinetic turbine designs and several fish species/sizes to estimate turbine passage survival and injury rates and to determine behavior of fish as they approach and encounter operating turbines. Flume testing was conducted at Alden and CAFRL.The project provides valuable data and information on behavior and injury and survival rates of fish passing hydrokinetic turbines. The behavioral data demonstrate that fish approaching turbines actively avoid passing through the blade sweep area. Estimates of survival and injury allow potential losses of fish to be determined for single or multiple unit installations. The information from these studies facilitates determination of potential impacts to fish populations and may diminish the need for expensive field studies, which often provide only marginal or incomplete data.The project yielded three reports which this document comprises. The three constituent documents are: This report reviews information on impacts of conventional hydr...

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Attraction to and Avoidance of instream Hydrokinetic Turbines by Freshwater Aquatic Organisms

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Does temporal variability limit standardized biological monitoring at wave and tidal energy sites?

Does temporal variability limit standardized biological monitoring at wave and tidal energy sites?

Optimal Design and Fish-Passing Performance Analysis of a Fish-Friendly Axial Flow Pump

Environmental Effects of Hydrokinetic Turbines on Fish: Desktop and Laboratory Flume Studies

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