Attribute conditioning: Changing attribute-assessments through mere pairings

Förderer, Sabine; Unkelbach, Christian

doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.939667

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, the nature of the CS seems to be of little consequence. We found robust AC effects using pictures of people, abstract shapes, and nonwords (Förderer & Unkelbach, 2011); pictures of food (Förderer & Unkelbach, 2015); and self-created brand logos (Förderer & Unkelbach, 2014). In addition, CSs are ideally neutral with respect to the US attribute for psychometric reasons (i.e., separating AC effects from regression to the mean; Fiedler & Unkelbach, 2014), although changing existing attributes should work as well (see Förderer & Unkelbach, 2016).…”

Section: The Ac Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…That is, after people observe multiple pairings of Clooney with a brand, their sexiness ratings of this brand increase (Förderer & Unkelbach, 2014). We call this effect attribute conditioning (AC; Förderer & Unkelbach, 2015). People assess stimuli’s specific attributes differently because of their pairings with other stimuli possessing these specific attributes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Why Does George Clooney Make Coffee Sexy? The Case for Attribute Conditioning

Unkelbach

Högden

2019

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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When a celebrity (e.g., George Clooney) endorses a brand (e.g., a coffee type), people’s assessment of this brand typically changes. We suggest that the mere repeated pairing of celebrities with brands imbues brands with the celebrities’ attributes. We call this effect attribute conditioning, which is, more generally, the phenomenon that people assess a stimulus’s attributes differently as a results of its pairing with another stimulus possessing that attribute. We review evidence showing that this effect goes beyond evaluative-conditioning effects, that it is not a demand effect, and that it is easily shown with many attributes (e.g., sexy, athletic, healthy) and many different stimuli (e.g., faces, shapes, brand logos). In addition, we review process evidence supporting the hypothesis that the effect is based on a memory structure that links the mental representations of the paired stimuli. We conclude with a brief outline of possible applied (e.g., marketing) and theoretical avenues for further research.

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Section: The Ac Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Why Does George Clooney Make Coffee Sexy? The Case for Attribute Conditioning

Unkelbach

Högden

2019

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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“…First, attribute conditioning refers to changes in a non-evaluative target feature (e.g., athleticism) as the result of pairing source and target features objects (e.g., a known athlete and an unknown person). Typically, the source feature (e.g., the fact that the athlete is known to be athletic) and target feature (e.g., the extent to which the unknown person is judged to be athletic) are identical (e.g., Förderer & Unkelbach, 2015). Second, in operant evaluative conditioning, the response is the source feature object (e.g., approaching), and the stimulus linked to the response is the target feature object (e.g., the stimulus that is repeatedly approached), the valence of the response is the source feature (e.g., the fact that approaching is positive), the valence of the stimulus linked with the response is the target feature (e.g., the liking of the stimulus that is repeatedly approached).…”

Section: Spontaneous Trait Inference and Transferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, studies on evaluative conditioning demonstrated that the mere spatio-temporal pairing of a picture showing an unknown person with a picture showing a liked person is enough to make people evaluate the unknown person as being positive (see Hofmann, De Houwer, Perugini, Baeyens, Crombez, 2010, for a review). Also other features (e.g., the extent to which an unknown person is judged to be athletic) can be influenced by the act of pairing stimuli (e.g., presenting pictures of that person together with pictures of known athletes; Förderer & Unkelbach, 2015). In all of these conditioning studies, the features of one object (a liked person or athlete) influence judgements about the features of another object (an unknown person).…”

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confidence: 99%

On the Assumptions That We Make About the World Around Us: A Conceptual Framework for Feature Transformation Effects

Houwer

Richetin

Hughes

et al. 2019

Collabra: Psychology

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Various phenomena such as halo effects, spontaneous trait inferences, and evaluative conditioning have in common that assumptions about object features (e.g., whether a person is intelligent or likeable) are influenced by other object features (e.g., whether that person is attractive or co-occurs with other liked persons). Surprisingly, these phenomena have rarely been related to each other, most likely because different phenomena are described using different terms. To overcome this barrier, we put forward a conceptual framework that can be used to describe a wide range of these phenomena. After introducing the four core concepts of the framework, we illustrate how it can be applied to various phenomena. Doing so helps to reveal similarities and differences between those phenomena, thus improving communication and promoting interactions between different areas of research. Finally, we illustrate the generative power of the framework by discussing some of the new research questions that it highlights.

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“…Despite the evidence of the importance of the automatic processing pathway for regulating behavior, the majority of reviews on automatic processing tasks have been limited, focusing mainly on mental health conditions delivered in laboratory settings [ 17 , 18 , 28 - 30 ]. In addition, existing reviews have routinely included studies with children whose brain development differs from that of adults [ 31 - 33 ]; thus, a need to map the existing literature examining automatic processing pathways in digital health interventions in real-world settings among adult populations was identified [ 16 , 27 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Regarding Automatic Processing Computerized Tasks Designed For Health Interventions in Real-World Settings Among Adults: Systematic Scoping Review

Jayasinghe¹,

Short²,

Braunack-Mayer³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background Dual process theories propose that the brain uses 2 types of thinking to influence behavior: automatic processing and reflective processing. Automatic processing is fast, immediate, nonconscious, and unintentional, whereas reflective processing focuses on logical reasoning, and it is slow, step by step, and intentional. Most digital psychological health interventions tend to solely target the reflective system, although the automatic processing pathway can have strong influences on behavior. Laboratory-based research has highlighted that automatic processing tasks can create behavior change; however, there are substantial gaps in the field on the design, implementation, and delivery of automatic processing tasks in real-world settings. It is important to identify and summarize the existing literature in this area to inform the translation of laboratory-based research to real-world settings. Objective This scoping review aims to explore the effectiveness of automatic training tasks, types of training tasks commonly used, mode of delivery, and impacts of gamification on automatic processing tasks designed for digital psychological health interventions in real-world settings among adults. Methods The scoping review methodology proposed by Arskey and O’Malley and Colquhoun was applied. A scoping review was chosen because of the novelty of the digital automatic processing field and to encompass a broad review of the existing evidence base. Electronic databases and gray literature databases were searched with the search terms “automatic processing,” “computerised technologies,” “health intervention,” “real-world,” and “adults” and synonyms of these words. The search was up to date until September 2018. A manual search was also completed on the reference lists of the included studies. Results A total of 14 studies met all inclusion criteria. There was a wide variety of health conditions targeted, with the most prevalent being alcohol abuse followed by social anxiety. Attention bias modification tasks were the most prevalent type of automatic processing task, and the majority of tasks were most commonly delivered over the web via a personal computer. Of the 14 studies included in the review, 8 demonstrated significant changes to automatic processes and 4 demonstrated significant behavioral changes as a result of changed automatic processes. Conclusions This is the first review to synthesize the evidence on automatic processing tasks in real-world settings targeting adults. This review has highlighted promising, albeit limited, research demonstrating that automatic processing tasks may be used effectively in a real-world setting to influence behavior change.

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Attribute conditioning: Changing attribute-assessments through mere pairings

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Why Does George Clooney Make Coffee Sexy? The Case for Attribute Conditioning

Why Does George Clooney Make Coffee Sexy? The Case for Attribute Conditioning

On the Assumptions That We Make About the World Around Us: A Conceptual Framework for Feature Transformation Effects

Evidence Regarding Automatic Processing Computerized Tasks Designed For Health Interventions in Real-World Settings Among Adults: Systematic Scoping Review

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