Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. About the Cover: Cover designs by the ERDC MSRC Scientific Visualization Center. For related stories, see page 3 (front cover) and page 15 (back cover).from the director . . .Bill Joy-the father of Berkeley UNIX, cofounder of Sun Microsystems, and major force behind Javarecently commented in an interview that technology has matured such that we are at an inflection point in how we shape the world around us and create our future in it.For the first time, we have begun to design things from the bottom up. For example, rather than shaping and planning and carving our way into new technology, we are designing new materials by piecing together individual atoms to create a desired set of properties.This is a powerful shift that many have already pointed out will fundamentally change the kinds of technologies we produce as artifacts of our culture. The computer is a key tool making this shift possible.Many of you are part of this trend. Some of you have even helped make it happen. Our job is to ensure that you continue to have the best tools available as you continue to shape our collective future. The most critical resource we provide is our staff; our computational engineers, visualization specialists, domain scientists, and support staff are the glue that joins supercomputers to the job of getting your work done. But the enabling piece that makes their work possible is the hardware itself.As a member of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center (ERDC MSRC) family, I'm sure you are aware of our most recent hardware installation. As this goes to press in early fall, we are installing a 4,176-processor Cray XT3. The XT3 is an Opteron-based machine capable of providing 21.7 TFLOPS of computational capability to the user community. This machine is a tremendous resource, and we anticipate that it will enable a host of new and expanded applications at a size and fidelity not previously attainable on Department of Defense (DoD) resources.We are also proud to announce that this machine is already setting world records. The ERDC XT3, named sapphire (read more about it inside this issue), is the most capable machine listed on the High Performance Computing (HPC) Challenge benchm...