“…3;2017 13 destination and tourism services, previous studies might be major source of information. In the study of Cucculelli & Goffi (2015), they found that, the majority of studies look at competitiveness for a single country or a group of countries (e.g., Ahmed & Khron, 1990;Bahar & Kozak, 2007;Dwyer et al, 2003Dwyer et al, , 2004Dwyer et al, , 2012Gomezelj & Mihalic, 2008;Gooroochum & Sugiyarto, 2005;Haahti, 1986;Haahti & Yavas, 1983;Kaynak & Marandu, 2007;Kim & Dwyer, 2003;Kozak & Rimmington, 1999;Lee & Chen, 2010;Mazanec, Wober & Zins, 2007;Miller, Henthorne, & George, 2008;Sirse & Mihalic, 1999;Zhang & Jensen, 2007). Other empirical studies concentrate on islands (Croes, 2010;Mechinda et al, 2010), big cities (Enright & Newton, 2004Minghetti & Montaguti, 2010), particular types of destinations (Botha, Crompton, & Kim, 1999;D'Hautserre, 2000;Lee & King, 2009), famous resort destinations (Kozak, 2002), and regions/provinces (Cracolici & Nijkamp, 2008;Faulkner, Opperman, & Fredline, 1999;Pestana et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011).…”