Attributes of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene associated with microbiological water quality of stored drinking water in rural schools in Mozambique and Uganda

Morgan, Camille; Bowling, J. Michael; Bartram, Jamie; Kayser, Georgia

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113804

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although the literature on the quality of water stored in non-household settings such as schools is still scarce, [ 104 ] the data from studies on the household level indicate the increase in microbial contamination after collection [ 105 ]. Inadequate storage conditions and vulnerable water storage containers, such as those without covers, may serve as a common source for both waterborne and water-related vector-borne diseases [ 106 , 107 ]. In addition to all the problems discussed above, in the case of the school in Vhembe District (South Africa), the school community had to survive for days without water while waiting for the next delivery [ 96 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to all the problems discussed above, in the case of the school in Vhembe District (South Africa), the school community had to survive for days without water while waiting for the next delivery [ 96 ]. Nevertheless, schools with an improved-type water source are less likely to present E. coli contamination in stored drinking water compared with schools with unimproved-type water sources [ 107 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The burden of water carrying, which is placed upon the students, can cause injuries, physical pain and stress [ 110 , 111 ]. Moreover, schools with water sources located within 30 min for collection are also less likely to have their drinking water contaminated with E. coli as compared to schools with more distant water sources [ 107 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Poague

Blanford

Anthonj

2022

IJERPH

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The global COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the extent to which schools are struggling with the provision of safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). To describe the WASH conditions in schools and discuss the implications for the safe reopening of schools during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on WASH in schools in low- and middle-income countries was performed. In April 2021, five databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, AJOL, and LILACS, were used to identify studies. Sixty-five papers met the inclusion criteria. We extracted and analyzed data considering the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) definitions and the normative contents of Human Rights to safe drinking water and sanitation. Publications included in this systematic review considered 18,465 schools, across 30 different countries. Results indicate a lack of adequate WASH conditions and menstrual hygiene management requirements in all countries. The largely insufficient and inadequate school infrastructure hampers students to practice healthy hygiene habits and handwashing in particular. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, being hindered to implement such a key strategy to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the school environment is of major concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Poague

Blanford

Anthonj

2022

IJERPH

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“…Contaminated water is the leading cause of infectious diarrheal diseases, which directly or indirectly lead to 2.2 million deaths per year ( 20 ). It is suggested that the type of water source is a predictor of contaminated water ( 21 ). Furthermore, compared to unimproved water, an improved water source was linked to fewer microorganisms ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suggested that the type of water source is a predictor of contaminated water ( 21 ). Furthermore, compared to unimproved water, an improved water source was linked to fewer microorganisms ( 21 ). A recent study indicated that the overall qualification rate of drinking water is not high, and the main challenge is still microbial pollution ( 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Boiled Water and Lifespan Water Sources With Mortality: A Cohort Study of 33,467 Older Adults

Liu

Pei²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background:There were few studies to report whether drinking water sources and habits affected health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how boiled water and lifespan water sources affected the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the elderly.MethodsThis study was a 20-year cohort study. All participants aged ≥60 years were eligible. Exposures of interest included lifespan drinking water sources and habits, which were collected using a validated questionnaire. Drinking water sources included wells, surface water, spring, and tap water in childhood, around the age of 60 years, and at present. Drinking habits included boiled and un-boiled water. The main end events included CVD and all-cause mortality.ResultsThere were 33,467 participants in this study. Compared to tap water, drinking well and surface water around the age of 60 years were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.092, 95% CI: 1.051–1.134, P < 0.001; and HR: 1.136, 95% CI: 1.081–1.194, P < 0.001, respectively). However, only drinking spring around aged 60 years and drinking well at present were associated with a lower CVD mortality (HR: 0.651, 95% CI: 0.452–0.939, P = 0.022; and HR: 0.757, 95% CI: 0.665–0.863, P < 0.001, respectively). Boiled water was not associated with mortality.ConclusionsDrinking water from well and surface water around the age of 60 years were associated with increased all-cause mortality. Drinking water from spring around the age of 60 years and well at present was associated with a decreased CVD mortality. However, boiled water was not associated with mortality.

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Removal of lead in water by potassium hydroxide-activated biochar developed from Syzygium cumini stem

Sharma,

Abhilasha,

Abhishek

et al. 2024

Discov Chem Eng

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Lead (Pb) contamination in water poses a significant threat to public health across the globe which requires effective remediation strategies. The main objective of this study is to achieve a removal efficiency of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media using activated Syzygium cumini (java plum) stem biochar. It was prepared by slow pyrolysis at 400 °C after treating the biomass with potassium hydroxide for activation. These biochars were characterized thoroughly (SEM, SEM–EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, elemental analyses, and SBET) to conduct a set of batch experiments. The effect of several parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentrations, and co-existing ions were explored. The decrease in starting lead concentrations from 50 to 10 mg L−1 resulted in improved removal efficiency. The removal effectiveness of activated biochar was 97%, but non-activated biochar was just 19%. Lead adsorption increased considerably as pH increased from 3 to 5. Further, the activated biochar was optimized through various isotherms models, kinetic equations, and thermodynamic analysis. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Temkin isotherms were the best-fitted models that identify the mechanism of chemisorption and monolayer sorption. According to this study, activated biochar is a promising biosorbent for removing lead from an aqueous solution. Graphical Abstract

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Attributes of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene associated with microbiological water quality of stored drinking water in rural schools in Mozambique and Uganda

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Associations of Boiled Water and Lifespan Water Sources With Mortality: A Cohort Study of 33,467 Older Adults

Removal of lead in water by potassium hydroxide-activated biochar developed from Syzygium cumini stem

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