Attributes of stand-age-dependent forest determine technosol fertility of Atlantic forest re-growing on mining tailings in Mariana, Brazil

Villa, Pedro Manuel; Martins, Sebastião Venâncio; Pilocelli, Aline; Kruschewsky, Gabriel Corrêa; Dias, Andréia Aparecida; Nabeta, Fabio Haruki

doi:10.1007/s11676-021-01359-z

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Despite the differences in the functional composition of dispersal syndromes, there is a high variability of CWM values in the forest that are regrowing on mine tailings, which could be related to the high beta diversity of AGV observed in these conditions. Previous studies demonstrate that beta diversity after a disturbance was consistently higher in initial successional stages by effects of stand age and soil properties, in comparison to late successional stages and old-growth forest, which presented the lower beta diversity (Villa et al, 2022). Under habitat filtering (i.e., disturbance by mining), plant species can be selected by functionally similar functional traits (Fernandes-Neto et al, 2019;Villa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed bank and aboveground vegetation of Atlantic Forest re‐growing on mining tailings in Mariana: Highlighting diversity patterns of functional groups

Martins,

Pilocelli,

Kruschewsky

et al. 2024

Ecological Research

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Natural regeneration after mining activities depends largely on the soil seed bank (SSB) and aboveground vegetation (AGV) richness and composition. We evaluated the species diversity pattern of the SSB and AGV on soil and technosol across second‐growth Atlantic Forests (SGFs) after mining tailings deposition in Mariana, southeastern Brazil. Two second‐growth Atlantic seasonal semideciduous forests of different stand ages were selected: a 3‐year‐old stand of SGF re‐growing on tailings (SGF tailings) and a 30‐year‐old stand of native reference forest not affected by tailings (SGF nontailings). Overall, the results showed significant differences in forest attributes (species richness and composition) in the SSB and AGV between the two forest patches evaluated (SGF tailings and SGF nontailings). Moreover, both nonzoochoric and zoochoric dispersed species of AGV showed significant differences between second‐growth forests, with higher variability of community‐weighted mean in SGF tailings. The result shows smaller differences in species richness between forest types for both SBB (ranging 85 and 90 species) and AGV (~55 species). Despite the time difference between the secondary forest and the absence of zoochoric species in the tailings seed bank, the AGV that are re‐growing on mining tailings presented a high proportion of zoochoric species. This pattern of species richness and community composition variability observed in the technosol seed bank, and AGV that are re‐growing after the deposition of mining tailings are important recovery indicators for plant communities affected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed bank and aboveground vegetation of Atlantic Forest re‐growing on mining tailings in Mariana: Highlighting diversity patterns of functional groups

Martins,

Pilocelli,

Kruschewsky

et al. 2024

Ecological Research

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“…it is essential to adapt ecological restoration projects to the specific needs of each environment (Stuble et al, 2017;Martins, 2018;Villa et al, 2022). Thus, it is important that the restoration techniques also accelerate plant cover in an economically viable way and in the shortest possible time (Gann et al, 2019;Ribeiro et al 2019;Martins et al, 2022).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, after bauxite exploration, mining companies carry out topographic reconfiguration, transposition of the topsoil that was removed and stored before the activities, soil preparation, fertilization, and fencing of the area (Balestrin et al, 2019;Melo & Sánchez, 2020;Balestrin et al, 2020;Martins et al, 2020). In addition, to ensure sustainability, mining companies carry out restoration actions both in mined areas and in compensation areas, aiming at environmental recovery, either through active restoration techniques such as seedling planting, direct seeding, green manure and nucleation or by natural regeneration (Martins, 2018;Martins et al,2020;Cosimo et al, 2021;Fonseca, 2021;Martins et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Manure as an Alternative for Soil Recovery in a Bauxite Mining Environment in Southeast Brazil

2023

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The objective of this study was to evaluate plant cover and dry mass produced by green manures and their influence on the chemical attributes of soil for the ecological restoration of an area around bauxite mine environment in Southeast Brazil. Soil preparation, chemical fertilization and sowing of three species of green manures were carried out: Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Stylosanthes guianensis. In general, C. cajan and C. juncea showed the best performance in plant cover. C. cajan and S. guianensis produced more phytomass. Green manures were efficient to promote rapid plant cover and increase in soil organic matter and total-N contents in all treatments. Therefore, green manure is a viable alternative that contributes to the success of ecological restoration projects in areas in the bauxite mining environment.

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“…from SM). Then, we selected the first PCA axes related soil fertility (PCA1f) as a response variable (i.e., Villa et al 2021). To compare forest attributes, we used the Mann-Whitney U test in the tests for two independent forest patches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the variation of community composition between second-growth forests and old-growth forests patches a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed using 'metaMDS' function based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities . Finally, we extracted the scores on frequency-weighted NMDS axis 1 as proxy of community composition variability (i.e., Villa et al 2021). All different functions of NMDS are available within the "vegan" package ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On multiple drivers predicting ecosystem functioning in a tropical forest

Rodrigues¹

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Understand the relative contribution of different factors that can determine the structure and diversity of forest communities along environmental gradients and secondary succession time has been a relevant theme in contemporary ecology. Recently the impact of these environmental factors (e.g., soils, topography, and climate) on biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship has gained importance in understanding tropical forests. Topographic and edaphic gradients together with climate can influence the distribution of functional traits, and consequently, ecosystem functioning. The study of the secondary succession of tropical forests with an approach based on the relation of functional traits and environmental factors has allowed elucidating emerging patterns of the ecosystem processes, mainly of the production and storage of biomass. Thus, the community weighted mean (CWM) are the diversity metrics to test effects on aboveground biomass. This research will assess how abiotic factors and biotic factors affect the assembly of tree communities and the ecosystem functioning of the forest Atlantic in southeastern Brazil. For this, we will analyze how species richness, composition and dominance can change through edaphic-topographic-climatic gradients and time of succession in permanent plots. For this, the following hypotheses will be tested: (1) The edaphic-topographic factors and the time of succession affect the richness, composition and dominance of the species in terms of their contribution to an ecosystem process (2) the variability climate over time of succession has implications for the classification of leaf phenology groups of tree communities. Finally, (3) we propose that AGB increases with time of succession, but changes depending on environmental variability (soil and topography), and that the variation in biomass can be explained by the functional traits of the species through functional dominance (CWM) in secondary forest communities. To answer these questions, we selected three areas with different topographic conditions located in a fragment in the secondary regeneration stage in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Each area has permanent plots of 1 ha covering a topographic gradient from the valleys to the plateau. Each permanent plot has 100 subplots of 10m x 10m. Totaling two hectares of forest and 200 subplots. In each subplot, all individuals of the living arboreal species with stem circumference showed a height of 10 cm or greater and a height of 130 cm. For each subplot, three topographic variables (elevation, slope and convexity) were measured and calculated using a total station with the aid of an engineer and surface soil samples with a depth of 0 to 10 cm to determine physical and chemical parameters. The aboveground biomass was calculated for each tree individual sampled in the subplots by an allometric equation. We selected different types of functional traits such as leaf phenology, wood density and tree diameter. Multivariate regression analyzes were performed to classify habitat types according to topographic variables and species composition. In addition, we constructed a series of models to explain the effect of potential predictor variables on the response of species richness, species composition, and ecosystem functioning. We also used machine learning to classify leaf phenology groups under the effect of environmental variables. Our study demonstrated that topographic variability, mainly elevation and convexity, determine soil fertility. These results advance our understanding that context-dependent conditions based on topography and soil properties have a high variability at a fine-scale. Furthermore, we found that different topographic conditions and successional timing affect community composition, richness, abundance and proportion of carbon-dominant species over time. We found that different topographic conditions and stand age change community composition, richness, abundance, and carbon dominant species along the late-secondary stage. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms that drive carbon stock in tropical forests and supports the ‘mass ratio’ hypothesis. We observe that evergreen species show higher richness; meanwhile the deciduous species has a greater contribution to aboveground carbon stock. Thus, the leaf phenology groups can affect the relationships between species richness and aboveground carbon stock. For example, deciduous species are key to maintaining higher carbon stock with smaller numbers of species; meanwhile evergreen species are important to maintain a higher species richness. Thus, we presumed that the leaf phenology group's distribution could be responsible for the cobenefits (positive aboveground carbon stock and species richness relationship) in tropical forests. Using random forest, it was observed that the most influential predictor in the classification of functional groups was topography and soil properties. We emphasize that the information generated in this research can be important for the planning of forest restoration activities (passive and active) based on the high variability of environmental variables on a local scale. We also emphasize the relevance of the functional traits approach to understanding the functioning, conservation and management of tropical forests. Keywords: Biotic and abiotic factors. Cobenefits. Functional diversity. Topographical heterogeneity. Assembly community. Machine learning.

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Attributes of stand-age-dependent forest determine technosol fertility of Atlantic forest re-growing on mining tailings in Mariana, Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Seed bank and aboveground vegetation of Atlantic Forest re‐growing on mining tailings in Mariana: Highlighting diversity patterns of functional groups

Seed bank and aboveground vegetation of Atlantic Forest re‐growing on mining tailings in Mariana: Highlighting diversity patterns of functional groups

Green Manure as an Alternative for Soil Recovery in a Bauxite Mining Environment in Southeast Brazil

On multiple drivers predicting ecosystem functioning in a tropical forest

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